Search results for "Conditional"

Investigating the mechanisms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation in orthostatic syncope through an information decomposition strategy

2012

Some previous evidence suggests that postural related syncope is associated with defective mechanisms of cerebrovascular (CB) and cardiovascular (CV) control. We characterized the information processing in short-term CB regulation, from the variability of mean cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and mean arterial pressure (AP), and in CV regulation, from the variability of heart period (HP) and systolic AP (SAP), in ten young subjects developing orthostatic syncope in response to prolonged head-up tilt testing. We exploited a novel information-theoretic approach that decomposes the information associated with a variability series into three amounts: the information stored in the series, the…

Probabilistic Logic under Coherence: Complexity and Algorithms

2005

In previous work [V. Biazzo, A. Gilio, T. Lukasiewicz and G. Sanfilippo, Probabilistic logic under coherence, model-theoretic probabilistic logic, and default reasoning in System P, Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 12(2) (2002) 189---213.], we have explored the relationship between probabilistic reasoning under coherence and model-theoretic probabilistic reasoning. In particular, we have shown that the notions of g-coherence and of g-coherent entailment in probabilistic reasoning under coherence can be expressed by combining notions in model-theoretic probabilistic reasoning with concepts from default reasoning. In this paper, we continue this line of research. Based on the above sem…

On the checking of g-coherence of conditional probability bounds

2003

We illustrate an approach to uncertain knowledge based on lower conditional probability bounds. We exploit the coherence principle of de Finetti and a related notion of generalized coherence (g-coherence), which is equivalent to the "avoiding uniform loss" property introduced by Walley for lower and upper probabilities. Based on the additive structure of random gains, we define suitable notions of non relevant gains and of basic sets of variables. Exploiting them, the linear systems in our algorithms can work with reduced sets of variables and/or constraints. In this paper, we illustrate the notions of non relevant gain and of basic set by examining several cases of imprecise assessments d…

TALPID3/KIAA0586 regulates multiple aspects of neuromuscular patterning during gastrointestinal development in animal models and human

2021

ABSTRACTTALPID3/KIAA0586 is an evolutionary conserved protein, which plays an essential role in protein trafficking. Its role during gastrointestinal (GI) and enteric nervous system (ENS) development has not been studied previously. Here, we analysed chicken, mouse and human embryonic GI tissues with TALPID3 mutations. The GI tract of TALPID3 chicken embryos was shortened and malformed. Histologically, the gut smooth muscle was mispatterned and enteric neural crest cells were scattered throughout the gut wall. Analysis of the Hedgehog pathway and gut extracellular matrix provided causative reasons for these defects. Interestingly, chicken intra-species grafting experiments and a conditional…

Lower and Upper Probability Bounds for Some Conjunctions of Two Conditional Events

2018

In this paper we consider, in the framework of coherence, four different definitions of conjunction among conditional events. In each of these definitions the conjunction is still a conditional event. We first recall the different definitions of conjunction; then, given a coherent probability assessment (x, y) on a family of two conditional events \(\{A|H,B|K\}\), for each conjunction \((A|H) \wedge (B|K)\) we determine the (best) lower and upper bounds for the extension \(z=P[(A|H) \wedge (B|K)]\). We show that, in general, these lower and upper bounds differ from the classical Frechet-Hoeffding bounds. Moreover, we recall a notion of conjunction studied in recent papers, such that the res…

Amount of Nonconstructivity in Finite Automata

2009

When D. Hilbert used nonconstructive methods in his famous paper on invariants (1888), P.Gordan tried to prevent the publication of this paper considering these methods as non-mathematical. L. E. J. Brouwer in the early twentieth century initiated intuitionist movement in mathematics. His slogan was "nonconstructive arguments have no value for mathematics". However, P. Erdos got many exciting results in discrete mathematics by nonconstructive methods. It is widely believed that these results either cannot be proved by constructive methods or the proofs would have been prohibitively complicated. R.Freivalds [7] showed that nonconstructive methods in coding theory are related to the notion of…

Connexive Logic, Probabilistic Default Reasoning, and Compound Conditionals

2023

We present two approaches to investigate the validity of connexive principles and related formulas and properties within coherence-based probability logic. Connexive logic emerged from the intuition that conditionals of the form if not-A, then A, should not hold, since the conditional’s antecedent not-A contradicts its consequent A. Our approaches cover this intuition by observing that the only coherent probability assessment on the conditional event A | not-A is p(A | not-A) = 0. In the first approach we investigate connexive principles within coherence-based probabilistic default reasoning, by interpreting defaults and negated defaults in terms of suitable probabilistic constraints on con…

El model de Solow: anàlisi teòrica, interpretació econòmica i contrast de la hipòtesi de convergència

2010

Les assignatures vinculades a l’estudi de la macroeconomia solen resultar especialment àrides per als alumnes a causa de l’elevat aparell analític necessari per al desenvolupament del programa. Per això, en aquest article proposem una pràctica en la que: (i) es contrasta empíricament la hipòtesi de convergència; i (ii) es discuteix, utilitzant el model de Solow i evidència empírica associada, una explicació de la no convergència d’alguns països. La finalitat última d’aquesta pràctica és facilitar l’assimilació del model de Solow a partir d’un procés d’autoaprenentatge que permet a l’estudiant desenvolupar competències transversals tals com el coneixement de bases de dades, la utilització de…

Unconditional Basis and Gordon–Lewis Constants for Spaces of Polynomials

2001

Abstract No infinite dimensional Banach space X is known which has the property that for m ⩾2 the Banach space of all continuous m -homogeneous polynomials on X has an unconditional basis. Following a program originally initiated by Gordon and Lewis we study unconditionality in spaces of m -homogeneous polynomials and symmetric tensor products of order m in Banach spaces. We show that for each Banach space X which has a dual with an unconditional basis ( x * i ), the approximable (nuclear) m -homogeneous polynomials on X have an unconditional basis if and only if the monomial basis with respect to ( x * i ) is unconditional. Moreover, we determine an asymptotically correct estimate for the …

Imprecise probability assessments and the Square of Opposition

There is a long history of investigations on the square of opposition spanning over two millenia. A square of opposition represents logical relations among basic sentence types in a diagrammatic way. The basic sentence types, traditionally denoted by A (universal affirmative: ''Every S is P''), E (universal negative: ''No S is P''), I (particular affirmative: ''Some S are P''), and O (particular negative: ''Some S are not P''), constitute the corners of the square, and the logical relations--contradiction, contrarity, subalternation, and sub-contrarity--form the diagonals and the sides of the square. We investigate the square of opposition from a probabilistic point of view. To manage impre…