Search results for "Conditional"
showing 10 items of 294 documents
Agreements regarding the property relations of transnational couples and their effects under the application of the twin regulations
2021
It is a true and verifiable fact that the family institution has evolved over recent decades in Europe and throughout the world, but not uniformly or at the same time. This is because it is influenced by social and cultural connotations specific to each State. All of which are respected under EU Regulations 2016/1103 and 2016/1104. This work analyses the Twins Regulations, that gives the couples the possibility of choosing the jurisdiction (art. 7) and applicable legal system underpinning the property consequences of the marriage and registered partnerships (art. 22.1). However, we try to show you these rules absolute freedom of choice is not granted to the parties, because this freedom is …
On the calculation of derived variables in the analysis of multivariate responses
1992
AbstractThe multivariate regression of a p × 1 vector Y of random variables on a q × 1 vector X of explanatory variables is considered. It is assumed that linear transformations of the components of Y can be the basis for useful interpretation whereas the components of X have strong individual identity. When p ≥ q a transformation is found to a new q × 1 vector of responses Y∗ such that in the multiple regression of, say, Y1∗ on X, only the coefficient of X1 is nonzero, i.e. such that Y1∗ is conditionally independent of X2, …, Xq, given X1. Some associated inferential procedures are sketched. An illustrative example is described in which the resulting transformation has aided interpretation.
R&D subsidies and productivity in SMEs
2015
This paper examines the effect of R&D subsidies on labour productivity. We use firm-level data on Finnish SMEs from 2000 to 2012 and apply a combined matching and difference-in-differences method to control for selection bias. We find no significant positive effect on labour productivity over the five-year period after a subsidy is granted. However, the results vary over time and indicate a 2–4 % negative effect on SMEs’ annual productivity growth one to 2 years after the subsidy year. Nevertheless, subsidies generate a positive employment effect and enhance firm survival. Additional scrutiny reveals that subsidies positively affect the human capital level of low-skill firms. peerReviewed
From imprecise probability assessments to conditional probabilities with quasi additive classes of conditioning events
2012
In this paper, starting from a generalized coherent (i.e. avoiding uniform loss) intervalvalued probability assessment on a finite family of conditional events, we construct conditional probabilities with quasi additive classes of conditioning events which are consistent with the given initial assessment. Quasi additivity assures coherence for the obtained conditional probabilities. In order to reach our goal we define a finite sequence of conditional probabilities by exploiting some theoretical results on g-coherence. In particular, we use solutions of a finite sequence of linear systems.
Imprecise probability assessments and the Square of Opposition
There is a long history of investigations on the square of opposition spanning over two millenia. A square of opposition represents logical relations among basic sentence types in a diagrammatic way. The basic sentence types, traditionally denoted by A (universal affirmative: ''Every S is P''), E (universal negative: ''No S is P''), I (particular affirmative: ''Some S are P''), and O (particular negative: ''Some S are not P''), constitute the corners of the square, and the logical relations--contradiction, contrarity, subalternation, and sub-contrarity--form the diagonals and the sides of the square. We investigate the square of opposition from a probabilistic point of view. To manage impre…
Semi-parametric estimation of conditional intensity functions in inhomogeneous space-time point processes
2009
Dealing with data coming from a space-time inhomogeneous process, there is often the need of obtaining estimates of the conditional intensity function, without a complete defi nition of a parametric model and so nonparametric estimation is required: isotropic or anisotropic kernel estimates can be used. The properties of the intensities estimated are not always good, expecially in seismological field. We could try to choose the bandwidth in order to have good predictive properties of the estimated intensity function. Since a direct ML approach can not be followed, we use an estimation procedure based on the further increments of likelihood obtained adding a new observation. Similarly to cro…
Probabilistic Logic under Coherence: Complexity and Algorithms
2005
In previous work [V. Biazzo, A. Gilio, T. Lukasiewicz and G. Sanfilippo, Probabilistic logic under coherence, model-theoretic probabilistic logic, and default reasoning in System P, Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 12(2) (2002) 189---213.], we have explored the relationship between probabilistic reasoning under coherence and model-theoretic probabilistic reasoning. In particular, we have shown that the notions of g-coherence and of g-coherent entailment in probabilistic reasoning under coherence can be expressed by combining notions in model-theoretic probabilistic reasoning with concepts from default reasoning. In this paper, we continue this line of research. Based on the above sem…
Information Transfer in Linear Multivariate Processes Assessed through Penalized Regression Techniques: Validation and Application to Physiological N…
2020
The framework of information dynamics allows the dissection of the information processed in a network of multiple interacting dynamical systems into meaningful elements of computation that quantify the information generated in a target system, stored in it, transferred to it from one or more source systems, and modified in a synergistic or redundant way. The concepts of information transfer and modification have been recently formulated in the context of linear parametric modeling of vector stochastic processes, linking them to the notion of Granger causality and providing efficient tools for their computation based on the state&ndash
Family-Run Agricultural Holdings and the Environmental Challenges of Sustainable Development of Rural Areas – a Case Study of Research Conducted in O…
2021
An important aspect of modernization of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2020 will be its ecological modification connected with the new institutional environment which is constituted jointly by the European Commission and individual states’ governments. The new regulations are supposed to encourage farmers to more effectively respect the requirements of the Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC) and Statutory Management Requirements (SMR), but also to take on individual environmental commitments within the scope of eco-programs. This study aims to evaluate farmers’ readiness to introduce changes into their agricultural holdings, which result from the new system of …