Search results for "Confidence Interval"
showing 10 items of 1297 documents
Myopia and Level of Education
2014
Purpose To analyze the association between myopia and educational level in an adult European cohort. Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Participants A cohort of the Gutenberg Health Study, including 4658 eligible enrollees between 35 and 74 years of age. Methods We applied a standardized protocol entailing a comprehensive questionnaire; thorough ophthalmic, general, cardiovascular, and psychological examinations; and laboratory tests, including genetic analyses. We documented achievement levels in school education and post-school professional education. The spherical equivalent (SE) was determined by noncycloplegic autorefractometry. We fitted mixed linear models including age, …
P046 Occupational exposures and gastric cancer risk in the MCC-spain case-control study
2016
Objective To explore the relationship between gastric cancer (GC) and occupational exposures. Methods A total of 382 incident GC cases and 2,846 randomly selected population controls with occupational information were included from the MCC-Spain study, a population-based multicase-control study. Occupation was coded according to the Spanish National Classification of Occupations 1994. Occupational exposures were assessed by the MatEmEsp Job Exposure Matrix. ORs and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression adjusting for matching variables and education. Results In men, a statistically significant increased risk of GC, was found for ‘Employed ski…
Establishing Equivalence or Non-Inferiority in Clinical Trials
2012
Background: An increasing number of clinical trials are being performed to show the absence of relevant differences between the effects of two treatments. The primary care physician makes use of the results of so-called equivalence studies, at least indirectly, practically every day. Equally important are active control clinical trials in which the efficacy of a new treatment has to be proven through demonstrating non-inferiority as compared to a standard treatment. Methods: Explanation of basic principles and statistical techniques with reference to the original literature; selective searches in the medical literature. Results: First of all, a suitable distributional parameter must be chos…
Is the Short and Fast Step Test a safe and feasible tool for exploring anaerobic capacities of individuals with coronary heart disease in clinical pr…
2021
Background While its importance in daily living, the anaerobic metabolism is not taken into account in clinical practice. The lack of validated functional performance tests for patients with chronic disabilities may explain this defect. In this context, the Short and Fast Step Test (SFST) was recently developed and validated in healthy volunteers. Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety, feasibility and reliability of the SFST, a functional test exploring anaerobic metabolism in coronary patients during cardiac rehabilitation. Design This study was a monocentric prospective study. Settings This study took place in the rehabilitation center of the University Hospital Cent…
Multiple pregnancies and environmental exposure: An impact of air pollution on fetal growth?
2018
Introduction Multiple pregnancies display all the complications of singletons, but in highest frequencies, especially for fetal growth abnormalities. In singletons, air pollution seems to be negatively associated with fetal growth. A similar relationship in multiple pregnancies can be expected. However, multiple pregnancies are systematically excluded from the studies of the impact of air pollution on pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to analyze in a population of multiple pregnancies the relationship between fetal growth restriction (FGR), small for gestational age (SGA) and environmental chronic exposure to air pollution in moderately polluted cities. Methods All the multiple pregnancie…
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an international follow-up study
2012
A previous US study reported poorer survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF–MF) above 0.3 μT, but based on small numbers. Data from 3073 cases of childhood ALL were pooled from prospective studies conducted in Canada, Denmark, Germany, Japan, UK and US to determine death or relapse up to 10 years from diagnosis. Adjusting for known prognostic factors, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival and event-free survival for ELF–MF exposure categories and by 0.1 μT increases. The HRs by 0.1 μT increases were 1.00 (CI, 0.93–1.07) for event-free survival analysis and 1.04 (CI…
Systematic review: the presenting international normalised ratio (INR) as a predictor of outcome in patients with upper nonvariceal gastrointestinal …
2011
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 1010–1018 Summary Background The prognostic value of an elevated international normalised ratio (INR) as part of initial risk stratification in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) remains poorly characterised. Aim To assess the usefulness of the initial INR in patients with NVUGIB. Method After a systematic review, we included the presenting INR and other validated prognosticators in multivariable models predicting rebleeding and mortality. Data are reported as odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results Only two of 769 candidate studies were useful, but reported disparate, highly selected NVUGIB patients with varying threshold init…
Fixed versus Growth Mindset Does not Seem to Matter Much
2018
Psychology predicts that a student’s mindset—their implicit theory of intelligence—has an effect on their academic performance. We attempted to corroborate this in the computer science education context by asking the students on two bachelor-level courses, typically taken in the third year of studies, to fill out a standard mindset questionnaire, and analyzing their answers in relation to their grades on those courses. In a sample of 133 students, with only 24 (18 %) students with a clear fixed mindset, there is no detectable correlation between the students’ mindsets and their course grades. An ordinal logistic regression estimates, at the 95 % confidence level, a statistically nonsignific…
Development of an individualized familiarization method for vertical jumps
2013
OBJETIVO: Propor um método de familiarização individualizado para saltos verticais e verificar o seu efeito na variabilidade intrassujeito. MÉTODOS: Cinquenta e três homes (média ± DP; idade 23,5 ± 3,3 anos; estatura 1,76 ± 0,08 m; massa 72,8 ± 8,6 kg; percentual de gordura 12,9 ± 5,2%) realizaram sucessivos saltos até atingir o nível de estabilidade proposto. Após 48 h este processo era repetido e a estabilidade entre dias era verificada, se necessário, mais sessões eram realizadas. O nível de estabilidade foi determinado por um teste z, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Após o processo de familiarização, duas sessões experimentais adicionais foram realizadas para determinar a confiabilid…
Neighborhood Mobility and Unmet Physical Activity Need in Old Age: A 2-Year Follow-Up
2020
Background: Many older people report a willingness to increase outdoor physical activity (PA), but no opportunities for it, a situation termed as unmet PA need. The authors studied whether lower neighborhood mobility and PA precede the development of unmet PA need. Methods: Community-dwelling 75- to 90-year-old people (n = 700) were interviewed annually for 2 years. Unmet PA need, neighborhood mobility, and PA were self-reported. In addition, accelerometer-based step counts were assessed among a subgroup (n = 156). Results: Logistic regression analyses revealed that lower baseline neighborhood mobility (odds ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval [1.86, 4.90] vs. daily) and PA (odds ratio 4.37…