Search results for "Conjugate"

showing 10 items of 644 documents

Time-harmonic solution for acousto-elastic interaction with controllability and spectral elements

2010

The classical way of solving the time-harmonic linear acousto-elastic wave problem is to discretize the equations with finite elements or finite differences. This approach leads to large-scale indefinite complex-valued linear systems. For these kinds of systems, it is difficult to construct efficient iterative solution methods. That is why we use an alternative approach and solve the time-harmonic problem by controlling the solution of the corresponding time dependent wave equation. In this paper, we use an unsymmetric formulation, where fluid-structure interaction is modeled as a coupling between pressure and displacement. The coupled problem is discretized in space domain with spectral el…

ControllabilityDiscretizationSpectral element methodfluid-structure interactionspectral element methodacoustic wavescoupled problemTime-harmonic solutioncontrollabilityConjugate gradient methodFluid-structure interactionTime domainCoupled problemMathematicsElastic wavesSpectral element methodelastic wavestime-harmonic solutionApplied MathematicsMathematical analysisLinear systemFinite differenceFinite element methodControllabilityComputational MathematicsAcoustic wavesConjugate gradient algorithmconjugate gradient algorithmJournal of Computational and Applied Mathematics
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On some close to convex functions with negative coefficients

2007

In this paper we propose for study a class of close to convex functions with negative coefficients defined by using a modified Salagean operator. .

Convex hullConvex analysisPure mathematicsGeneral MathematicsMathematical analysisConvex optimizationConvex setProper convex functionConvex combinationSubderivativeConvex conjugateMathematicsFilomat
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Synthesis, spectroscopic and conformational analysis of 1,4-dihydroisonicotinic acid derivatives

2014

Abstract Structural and conformational properties of 1,4-dihydroisonicotinic acid derivatives, characterized by ester, ketone or cyano functions at positions 3 and 5 in solid and liquid states have been investigated by X-ray analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance and supported by quantum chemical calculations. The dihydropyridine ring in each of the compounds exists in flattened boat-type conformation. The observed ring distortions around the C(4) and N(1) atoms are interrelated. The substituent at N(1) has great influence on nitrogen atom pyramidality. The 1H, 13C and 15N NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants are discussed in terms of their relationship to structural features such as…

Coupling constantchemistry.chemical_classificationKetoneChemical shiftOrganic ChemistrySubstituentConjugated systemRing (chemistry)Analytical ChemistryInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundDelocalized electronchemistryComputational chemistryLone pairSpectroscopyJournal of Molecular Structure
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Topochemical Reactions of Monomers with Conjugated Triple-Bonds VII Mechanism of Transition from Monomer to Polymer Phase During Solid-State Polymeri…

1972

The lattice-controlled solid-state polymerisation of three different modifications of 2,4-hexadiin-1,6-diol-bis(phenylurethane) was investigated by X-ray and optical methods. The polymerisation is a homogeneous reaction. The polymer grows in the form of single chains within the crystal of the monomer. The chains extend along a definite crystallographic direction. Monomer and polymer are isomorphous and monomer-polymer single crystals of various compositions are obtained up to a quantitative conversion in the case of modification I or III. Phase separation into a mesomorphic polymer and oriented monomer phase was observed on annealing partially polymerised single-crystals of modification II …

Crystalchemistry.chemical_classificationchemistry.chemical_compoundMonomerPolymerizationchemistryTransition pointPhase (matter)Polymer chemistryGeneral ChemistryPolymerConjugated systemTriple bondIsrael Journal of Chemistry
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Monodisperse Dialkoxy-Substituted Oligo(phenyleneethenylene)s

2006

Individual but connected synthetic routes for the preparation of the all-E-configured 2,5-dipropoxy-substituted oligo(1,4-phenyleneethenylene)s 1a–g were developed. An increasing number of conjugated stilbene units from n = 1 to n = 11 led to a convergent bathochromic shift (Δλ = λ∞ − λ1 = 127 nm) in the UV/Vis absorption. An exponential function for the convergence of the absorption energies (wavelengths) in conjugated systems is proposed. By a simple extrapolation of this function the effective chain length may be determined.

CrystallographyChain lengthChemistryOrganic ChemistryBathochromic shiftDispersityPolymer chemistryExtrapolationGeneral ChemistryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAbsorption (chemistry)Conjugated systemExponential functionLiebigs Annalen
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Tetrahedra from Aryleneethenylenes – From small Molecules to Luminescent Glasses

2004

AbstractThe fourfold Horner olefination of tetraphenylmethane or –silane with fourp-methyl- phosphonate groups and a variety of aromatic aldehydes with donor groups or extended conjugated systems results in the formation of tetrahedra from four chromophores connected via a central atom. Electronic spectra in solution reveal an electronic interaction between the π-systems. In the solid state, the emission of compounds with a dense packing is nearly identical to the solution spectra, more open structures show significant red shifts. The emission of scaffolds with 1-styrylpyrene chromophores is nearly completely quenched. Most of these tetrahedra are thermally stable up to 420°C. Depending on …

Crystallographychemistry.chemical_compoundMaterials sciencechemistryAtomTetrahedronConjugated systemChromophoreLuminescenceSmall moleculeSpectral lineTetraphenylmethaneMRS Proceedings
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Mesomorphic Donor-Acceptor-substituted 1,4-Distyrylbenzenes

2009

Conjugated oligomers with terminal donor-acceptor substitution attract increasing attention in organic chemistry because of their outstanding and not seldom unexpected properties in materials science [1 – 4]. Although a variety of oligo(1,4-phenylene-vinylene)s with terminal donor-acceptor substitution (DAOPVs 1, Scheme 1) are known [5 – 22], the number of thermotropic liquid crystals among them is very low and is confined to monomers (n = 1), that means to certain push-pull substituted (E)-stilbenes [23 – 31]. The behavior of conjugatedmolecules, which are highly polar and form mesophases by self-organization, is very interesting for various applications of liquid crystals [3]. A big disad…

Crystallographychemistry.chemical_compoundMonomerIntersystem crossingChemistryLiquid crystalAlkoxy groupGeneral ChemistryConjugated systemRing (chemistry)Thermotropic crystalIsomerizationZeitschrift für Naturforschung B
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2,5-Bis[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-3,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine

2020

The molecule of the title compound, C30H22N4, exhibits inversion symmetry adopting the shape of a St Andrew's Cross. It shows dihedral angles between adjacent aryl units of around 50° whereas torsion angles of ca 10° are found along the arylene vinylene path.

Crystallographychemistry.chemical_compoundcrystal structureheterocyclesChemistryArylconjugated oligomersPoint reflectionlcsh:QD901-999Torsion (mechanics)Crystal structurelcsh:CrystallographyDihedral angleIUCrData
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Photoinduced DNA damage efficiency and cytotoxicity of novel viologen linked pyrene conjugates.

2010

Novel viologen linked pyrene conjugates permeate cells efficiently and exhibit spacer length dependent DNA damage and cytotoxicity upon photoexcitation.

DNA damagePhotochemistryUltraviolet RaysPhotochemistryCatalysisViologenschemistry.chemical_compoundMiceMaterials ChemistrymedicineAnimalsCytotoxicityPyrenesChemistryMetals and AlloysViologenGeneral ChemistryPermeationSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsPhotoexcitationCeramics and CompositesPyrenemedicine.drugConjugateDNA DamageChemical communications (Cambridge, England)
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Role of photoactive layer morphology in high fill factor all-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells

2011

We report on the realization of all-polymer solar cells based on blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) as a donor and poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) as an acceptor. High fill factors are demonstrated for the first time in this class of devices suggesting high dissociation efficiency for the bounded electron-hole pairs and balanced electron and hole mobility along the thin films. The use of the high-mobility n-type P(NDI2OD-T2) polymer enables us to overcome one of the problems limiting the efficiency of all-polymer solar cells, resulting in fill factors comparable with those reported for …

DYNAMICSElectron mobilityMaterials scienceFullerenePHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICESLIGHT-INTENSITY DEPENDENCEBLENDSPolymer solar cellPhotoactive layerMaterials ChemistryThin filmSettore CHIM/02 - Chimica FisicaOpen-circuit voltagebusiness.industryORIGINPOLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE)General ChemistryHybrid solar cellAcceptorTRANSPORTOPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGEsolar cells bulk heterojunctions devices organic electronicsTRANSISTORSOptoelectronicsbusinessCONJUGATED POLYMERS
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