Search results for "Contaminant"
showing 10 items of 159 documents
The expanding role of LC-MS in analyzing metabolites and degradation products of food contaminants
2008
Abstract Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has contributed significantly in advancing research in the analysis of metabolites and degradation products of food contaminants. Of particular interest is the comprehensive application of LC-MS to discovery of degradation products and metabolites. This review, covering research published between 2003 and 2008, describes how LC-MS has been used in this field, with the majority of work dealing with target-metabolite analysis and only a small fraction using LC-MS comprehensively. In considering the significance of this topic and the potential interest in it, we briefly describe state-of-the art mass analyzers applied for it (QtrAP, QqTO…
Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy techniques for the detection of chemical contaminants and residues in foods
2017
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a cornerstone for qualitative and quantitative analysis of food contaminants and residues. It is fast and sensitive, provides a high peak capacity, and allows determination of thermally stable and volatile compounds. Recent research has resulted in better chromatographic columns and methods for sample preparation that enable a significant expansion of the application range of GC-MS, profiling strategies for sample characterization being identified as important future drivers. Newer detection/separation solutions, such as fast chromatography, comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC × GC), triple quadrupole MS, time-of-flight MS or orbitrap, atmosp…
Determinación de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes emergentes en el medio ambiente y evaluación de la exposición en humanos
2018
El interés por la presencia de contaminantes emergentes en los distintos compartimentos ambientales ha crecido exponencialmente en las últimas décadas. Estos contaminantes se definen como sustancias químicas que pueden haber estado presentes en el medio ambiente desde hace tiempo, pero solo han sido identificadas recientemente gracias al desarrollo de técnicas analíticas más sensibles. Por tanto, la mayor parte no se encuentran reguladas y sus efectos en el medio ambiente y la salud humana a gran escala son desconocidos (Mandaric et al., 2016). El destino final para la mayoría de los contaminantes emergentes es el agua o los ecosistemas acuáticos, a los que pueden llegar por distintas vías:…
Análisis, distribución, transporte y toxicidad de contaminantes emergentes en la Cuenca del Turia
2017
Los cambios económicos, sociales y demográficos en los últimos años en todo el mundo han provocado una presión en la calidad del medio ambiente, el cual ha sido impactado principalmente por actividades humanas como la agricultura, industria y estilo de vida urbano [1, 2]. El desarrollo de estas actividades ha sido un motor para la producción de distintos compuestos orgánicos que han mejorado su rendimiento, pero a su vez se han transformado en contaminantes que impactan los diferentes ecosistemas acuáticos, terrestres y atmosféricos [3, 4]. En este contexto, los contaminantes emergentes se definen como compuestos que no están incluidos actualmente en las regulaciones existentes de calidad d…
Immunoanalytical approaches for the control of xenobiotics and biotoxins in food
2020
[ES] El control efectivo de la calidad y seguridad de los alimentos requiere de métodos analíticos que garanticen la determinación fiable de cualquier sustancia potencialmente perjudicial para el consumidor que pueda estar presente en el alimento antes de su distribución y comercialización. Una de las aproximaciones analíticas que contribuye a garantizar este objetivo engloba una serie de técnicas que tienen en común la utilización de anticuerpos como elementos esenciales para la detección del analito diana, y que en conjunto reciben el nombre de métodos inmunoquímicos. Este artículo pretender aportar una visión básica de los principios bioquímicos subyacentes a estas tecnologías y cuáles…
Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of enterotoxigenic members of Bacillus cereus group in food samples
2009
A highly sensitive real-time PCR (qPCR) procedure, targeting the phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C gene (pc-plc), was developed for specific detection and quantification of strains belonging to Bacillus cereus group. The target region was selected based on the enterotoxigenic profiles of 75 Bacillus strains. The inclusivity and exclusivity of the RTi-PCR assay were assessed with 59 isolates of the B. cereus group, 16 other Bacillus spp., and 4 non-Bacillus strains. The assay was also used to construct calibration curves for different food matrices, and it had a wide quantification range of 6 log units using both serial dilutions of purified DNA and calibrated cell suspensions of …
Determination of total mercury in nuts at ultratrace level
2014
Abstract Total mercury, at μg kg−1 level, was determined in different types of nuts (cashew nut, Brazil nuts, almond, pistachio, peanut, walnut) using a direct mercury analyser after previous sample defatting and by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry. There is not enough sensitivity in the second approach to determine Hg in previously digested samples due to the strong matrix effect. Mercury levels in 25 edible nut samples from Brazil and Spain were found in the range from 0.6 to 2.7 μg kg−1 by using the pyrolysis of sample after the extraction of the nut fat. The accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed by analysing certified reference materials of Coal Fly Ash-NIST SRM 1633…
A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins
2018
Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The Europea…
Caging techniques for field exposures of fish to chemical contaminants
2005
The article reviews current state-of-the-art to conduct fish caging as an assessment and monitoring technique in aquatic toxicology. A multitude of scientific, practical and management factors influence and may restrict how field research is carried out. For many purposes the advantages of transplant fish caging outweigh the alternative methodologies of impact studies of xenobiotics. However, besides mortality, virtually no study has evaluated the physiological consequences of caging fish. It is not known how caging itself affects the responses of fishes to chemical pollution. The used caging densities are commonly too high. However, with the aid of variables describing physiological stress…
A critical review on latest innovations and future challenges of electrochemical technology for the abatement of organics in water
2023
Updated water directives and ambitious targets like the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have emerged in the last decade to tackle water scarcity and contamination. Although numerous strategies have been developed to remove water pollutants, it is still necessary to enhance their effectiveness against toxic and biorefractory organic molecules. Comprehensive reviews have highlighted the appealing features of the electrochemical technologies, but much progress has been made in recent years. In this timely review, a critical discussion on latest innovations and perspectives of the most promising electrochemical tools for wastewater treatment is presented. The work describes…