Search results for "Context"
showing 10 items of 6304 documents
Bayesian hypothesis testing: A reference approach
2002
Summary For any probability model M={p(x|θ, ω), θeΘ, ωeΩ} assumed to describe the probabilistic behaviour of data xeX, it is argued that testing whether or not the available data are compatible with the hypothesis H0={θ=θ0} is best considered as a formal decision problem on whether to use (a0), or not to use (a0), the simpler probability model (or null model) M0={p(x|θ0, ω), ωeΩ}, where the loss difference L(a0, θ, ω) –L(a0, θ, ω) is proportional to the amount of information δ(θ0, ω), which would be lost if the simplified model M0 were used as a proxy for the assumed model M. For any prior distribution π(θ, ω), the appropriate normative solution is obtained by rejecting the null model M0 wh…
On generalized covering subgroups and a characterisation of ?pronormal?
1983
Introduction. The context of this note is the theory of Schunck classes and formations of finite soluble groups. In a 1972 manuscript Fischer [4] generalized the concept of an ~-covering subgroup of a group G to a (P, ~)-covering subgroup, where P is some pronormal subgroup of G, and proved universal existence (for P satisfying a stronger embedding property) in case the class ~ is a saturated formation. The fact tha t the Schunck classes are the classes ~ with the property that every group has an ~-projector [9, 4.3, 4.4; 6] (which coincides with an ~-covering subgroup in the soluble universe | [6, II.15]) raises the question whether it is possible to determine the whole range of universal …
STURMIAN WORDS AND AMBIGUOUS CONTEXT-FREE LANGUAGES
1990
If x is a rational number, 0<x≤1, then A(x)c is a context-free language, where A(x) is the set of factors of the infinite Sturmian words with asymptotic density of 1’s smaller than or equal to x. We also prove a “gap” theorem i.e. A(x) can never be an unambiguous co-context-free language. The “gap” theorem is established by proving that the counting generating function of A(x) is transcendental. We show some links between Sturmian words, combinatorics and number theory.
The Neumann Problem for the Total Variation Flow
2004
This chapter is devoted to prove existence and uniqueness of solutions for the minimizing total variation flow with Neumann boundary conditions, namely $$ \left\{ \begin{gathered} \frac{{\partial u}} {{\partial t}} = div\left( {\frac{{Du}} {{\left| {Du} \right|}}} \right) in Q = (0,\infty ) \times \Omega , \hfill \\ \frac{{\partial u}} {{\partial \eta }} = 0 on S = (0,\infty ) \times \partial \Omega , \hfill \\ u(0,x) = u_0 (x) in x \in \Omega , \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right. $$ (2.1) where Ω is a bounded set in ℝ N with Lipschitz continuous boundary ∂ Ω and u0 ∈ L1(Ω). As we saw in the previous chapter, this partial differential equation appears when one uses the steepest descent method …
Identifying the Luxury Sustainability Paradox: Three Steps Toward a Solution
2017
In this chapter, we argue about a paradox of sustainability in the context of luxury goods and brands: Intuitively, luxury brands should be more sustainable versus normal brands, since consumer’s willingness to pay is high which should allow for highest standards in quality, including sustainability. However, many of the most expensive luxury products appear to exhibit limited sustainability. Examples include sports cars that typically are gas guzzlers, yachts that often carry only a few people but require a high amount of resources to be operated, or fur products that require animals to give their lives for. For example, the Hermes Birkin bag recently received a lot of negative media due t…
The Marketisation of Higher Education: Antecedents, Processes, and Outcomes
2021
This chapter explores the ideological antecedents, processes, and outcomes of the marketisation of higher education, with an emphasis on business schools in particular. The chapter begins with a discussion of the theory of Scandinavian New Institutionalism in the context of higher education, explaining how ideologies spread across nations and fields through adoption and adaptation. It then elaborates the ideologies of neoliberalism and managerialism, and their relation to New Public Management. The chapter continues by elucidating the processes which are related to marketisation—namely commodification, corporatisation, and de-professionalisation. It then enumerates the various outcomes of t…
Listening understanding and acting (lung): focus on communicational issue in thoracic oncology.
2019
Background: In the field of oncological assistance, nowadays we have to deal with a complex scenario where patients got used to obtain a huge amount of information through internet or social media and to apply them in performing their health-related decisions. This landscape requires that clinicians become able to handle therapeutical approaches and adequate skills in communication tools to satisfy the current needs. Our project aimed to build a communication model based on clinical oncologists’ real experiences in order to find a simple way to share with patients all the innovative therapeutical opportunities today available in lung cancer. The final goal is to design a flexible and person…
Influence of Global Structure on Musical Target Detection and Recognition
1998
The present study adapted a paradigm used in visual perception by Biederman, Glass, and Stacy (1973) and analyzed the influence of a coherent global context on the detection and recognition of musical target excerpts. Global coherence was modified by segmenting minuets into chunks of four, two, or one bar. These chunks were either reordered (Experiments 1, 3, 4, 5) or transposed to different keys (Experiment 2). The results indicate that target detection is influenced only by a reorganization on a very local level (i.e. chunks of one bar). Context incoherence did not influence the recognition of the real targets, but rendered the rejection of wrong target excerpts (foils) more difficult. Th…
All Student Samples Differ: On Participant Selection in Communication Science
2012
When conducting experiments, researchers in communication science often rely on convenience samples of students. This study provides evidence consistent with a concern that between-participant differences in exposure to communication theories can be a threat to the internal validity of conclusions reached. Using cultivation theory as a context for studying this threat, this study examines the influence of stage in university education and discipline of study on the ability to detect the cultivation hypothesis and participants' responses to questions regularly used in studies of cultivation. We found that university students at different stages of their studies and studying different discipl…
Syntactic Variance and Priming Effects in Translation
2016
The present work investigates the relationship between syntactic variation and priming in translation. It is based on the claim that languages share a common cognitive network of neural activity. When the source and target languages are solicited in a translation context, this shared network can lead to facilitation effects, so-called priming effects. We suggest that priming is a default setting in translation, a special case of language use where source and target languages are constantly co-activated. Such priming effects are not restricted to lexical elements, but do also occur on the syntactic level. We tested these hypotheses with translation data from the TPR database, more specifical…