Search results for "Context"
showing 10 items of 6304 documents
Targeting Immune Modulators in Glioma While Avoiding Autoimmune Conditions
2021
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme is a futile disease usually leading to the patient’s death within one year post-diagnosis; therefore, novel treatment options are desperately needed. In this regard, activation of the inert immune system has moved into focus in recent years. Malignant brain tumors, as well as autoimmune diseases, elicit aberrant immune responses. In this way, glioma escapes the host’s immune system and, thus, activation of the immune response in order to reduce tumor tolerance can serve as an alternative treatment option. Immune checkpoint modulators in combination with traditional therapies have gained attention in both glioma and autoimmune diseases. In this review, …
Characteristics and Clinical Outcome of Breast Cancer Patients with Asymptomatic Brain Metastases
2020
Background: Brain metastases (BM) have become a major challenge in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods: The aim of this analysis was to characterize patients with asymptomatic BM (n = 580) in the overall cohort of 2589 patients with BM from our Brain Metastases in Breast Cancer Network Germany (BMBC) registry. Results: Compared to symptomatic patients, asymptomatic patients were slightly younger at diagnosis (median age: 55.5 vs. 57.0 years, p = 0.01), had a better performance status at diagnosis (Karnofsky index 80&ndash
The role of surgery in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: A call to the scientific community.
2021
Abstract In the last decade, a growing attention has been focused on identifying effective therapeutic strategies also in the orphan clinical setting of women with platinum-resistant disease. In this context, secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) remains a potential approach only in women with platinum sensitive relapse, but experimental data have been published supporting the role of SCS also in patients with platinum-resistant recurrence. In particular, surgery is emerging as a potential option in specific subgroups of women, such as those patients with low-grade serous histology, or low-volume relapse with disease located in the so-called pharmacological sanctuaries. Furthermore, contras…
Role of Surgical Versus Clinical Staging in Chemoradiated FIGO Stage IIB-IVA Cervical Cancer Patients—Acute Toxicity and Treatment Quality of the Ute…
2015
The Uterus-11 trial was designed to evaluate the role of surgical staging in patients with cervical cancer before primary chemoradiation therapy (CRT). The present report provides the toxicity data stratified by the treatment arm and technique.A total of 255 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIB-IVA) were randomized to either surgical staging followed by CRT (arm A) or clinical staging followed by CRT (arm B). Patients with para-aortic metastases underwent extended field radiation therapy (RT). Brachytherapy was mandatory. The present report presents the acute therapy-related toxicities stratified by treatment arm and …
Modulation of CD4 T Cell Response According to Tumor Cytokine Microenvironment
2021
Simple Summary It is now accepted that CD4 T lymphocytes play an essential role in the anti-tumor response. CD4 T lymphocytes can activate and regulate several aspects of innate and adaptive immunity and participate in the rejection of tumors. Understanding the impact of the tumor, through cytokines present in the microenvironment, but also the effect of anti-cancer therapies are critical aspects of immunotherapy research aiming at improving the anti-tumor response dependent on CD4 T lymphocytes. Abstract The advancement of knowledge on tumor biology over the past decades has demonstrated a close link between tumor cells and cells of the immune system. In this context, cytokines have a majo…
Identification of loci of functional relevance to Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: Cross-referencing of expression quantitative tra…
2019
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and its precancerous condition Barrett's esophagus (BE) are multifactorial diseases with rising prevalence rates in Western populations. A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data identified 14 BE/EA risk loci located in non-coding genomic regions. Knowledge about the impact of non-coding variation on disease pathology is incomplete and needs further investigation. The aim of the present study was (i) to identify candidate genes of functional relevance to BE/EA at known risk loci and (ii) to find novel risk loci among the suggestively associated variants through the integration of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and genetic…
C 4 -Dicarboxylate Utilization in Aerobic and Anaerobic Growth
2016
C 4 -dicarboxylates and the C 4 -dicarboxylic amino acid l -aspartate support aerobic and anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli and related bacteria. In aerobic growth, succinate, fumarate, D - and L -malate, L -aspartate, and L -tartrate are metabolized by the citric acid cycle and associated reactions. Because of the interruption of the citric acid cycle under anaerobic conditions, anaerobic metabolism of C 4 -dicarboxylates depends on fumarate reduction to succinate (fumarate respiration). In some related bacteria (e.g., Klebsiella ), utilization of C 4 -dicarboxylates, such as tartrate, is independent of fumarate respiration and uses a Na + -dependent membrane-bound oxaloacetate decarbo…
Type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) and the vascular tree: from embryogenesis to aging and disease
2020
Highlights • Vascular development depends on the timely differentiation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, that mutually influence their developmental fate. • Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) compartments can mutually influence cell and tissue modifications during vascular aging and in vascular disease. • Keeping in mind that PDE5 is mainly expressed in VSMCs, we surveyed the literature on the role of PDE5 in vascular development, aging and disease. • Although most results have been obtained by PDE5 pharmacological inhibition, no data are available, to date, on vascular development, aging or disease following PDE5 genetic ablation.
Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Emotions, Memory, and Cognitive Functions
2017
This chapter aims at highlighting the diverse roles of endocannabinoids in the coordination of balanced neuronal activities, which finally set the basis for the organism’s characteristics to store and remember important and useful things, to forget non-useful things, and to cope with new challenges. Altogether, the fine-tuned regulation of these processes is crucial for optimal life and survival. The endocannabinoid system appears to be a central intrinsic homeostatic factor in the organism, modulating these processes. Receptors for (endo)cannabinoids are also targets for exogenous cannabinoids, putting also relevance of external substances in the interference with these processes. The gene…
Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Pathogenesis of Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy
2019
Recent studies have shown that neurologic inflammation may both precipitate and sustain seizures, suggesting that inflammation may be involved not only in epileptogenesis but also in determining the drug-resistant profile. Extensive literature data during these last years have identified a number of inflammatory markers involved in these processes of “neuroimmunoinflammation” in epilepsy, with key roles for pro-inflammatory cytokines such as: IL-6, IL-17 and IL-17 Receptor (IL-17R) axis, Tumor-Necrosis-Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Transforming-Growth-Factor Beta (TGF-β), all responsible for the induction of processes of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and inflammation of the Central Nervou…