Search results for "Conversion"

showing 10 items of 707 documents

Improving Perovskite Solar Cells: Insights From a Validated Device Model

2017

To improve the efficiency of existing perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a detailed understanding of the underlying device physics during their operation is essential. Here, a device model has been developed and validated that describes the operation of PSCs and quantitatively explains the role of contacts, the electron and hole transport layers, charge generation, drift and diffusion of charge carriers and recombination. The simulation to the experimental data of vacuum-deposited CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells over multiple thicknesses has been fit and the device behavior under different operating conditions has been studied to delineate the influence of the external bias, charge-carrier mobilities, e…

Solar cellsMaterials sciencePassivationNanotechnology02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesPolymer solar celllaw.inventionlawSolar cellGeneral Materials SciencePerovskite (structure)Theory of solar cellsRenewable Energy Sustainability and the Environmentbusiness.industryEnergy conversion efficiencyHybrid solar cell021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0104 chemical sciencesPEROVSKITESOptoelectronicsCharge carrierPerovskite Solar CellsDEVICE PHYSICS0210 nano-technologybusinessAdvanced Energy Materials
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Perspectives of the encapsulation technology in the nursery activity of Citrus

2007

The genetic and phytosanitary certification has to guarantee the quality of the propagation material also in Citrus. Traditional methods can be assisted by the techniques of in vitro culture, which are fundamental for the mass production of high quality plants. The encapsulation technology represents an innovative tool to combine the advantages of micropropagation with handling ease, storability, reduced size of the propagules, mechanization potentiality, transportability of the gamic seeds. In this work somatic embryos obtained from in vitro anther culture of the cultivar Mandarino Tardivo di Ciaculli (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were encapsulated in a sodium alginate matrix and synthetic se…

Somatic embryogenesisCitrus reticulata; conversion; fungicide; somatic embryos; synthetic seed.business.industryfood and beveragessomatic embryosBiologyEndospermBiotechnologySettore AGR/03 - Arboricoltura Generale E Coltivazioni ArboreeFungicideHorticultureReduced sizeMicropropagationCitrus reticulata conversion fungicide somatic embryos synthetic seedfungicideGeneticssynthetic seedCitrus reticulataCultivarconversionGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesbusinessSodium alginatePhytosanitary certificationCaryologia
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Using privacy-transformed speech in the automatic speech recognition acoustic model training

2020

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) requires huge amounts of real user speech data to reach state-of-the-art performance. However, speech data conveys sensitive speaker attributes like identity that can be inferred and exploited for malicious purposes. Therefore, there is an interest in the collection of anonymized speech data that is processed by some voice conversion method. In this paper, we evaluate one of the voice conversion methods on Latvian speech data and also investigate if privacy-transformed data can be used to improve ASR acoustic models. Results show the effectiveness of voice conversion against state-of-the-art speaker verification models on Latvian speech and the effectivene…

Speaker verificationevaluationvoice conversionComputer scienceSpeech recognitionautomatic speech recognitionLatvianAcoustic model[INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG]privacylanguage.human_language[INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL]anonymization[INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG][INFO.INFO-CL] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL]Identity (object-oriented programming)languageConversion methodautomatic speaker verification
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Effects of progressive decrease of feeding frequency and re-feeding on production parameters, stomach capacity and muscle nutritional value in rainbo…

2020

Abstract Feeds and feeding constitute the major part of costs in intensive aquaculture. Any action to reduce feeding costs without negatively affecting fish production parameters and flesh quality would improve profitability of farming. Therefore, we studied the effects of feeding frequency on production parameters, stomach capacity and nutritional value of muscle in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in an experiment with two stages. First, during the nine-week “starvation period” we fed rainbow trout (initial weight c. 40 g) with four different feeding protocols in an attempt to adapt the fish to a progressive decrease in the number of feeding days. During the second stage, a fo…

Starvation0303 health sciencesbusiness.industryFish farmingFlesh04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesAquatic ScienceBiologyFeed conversion ratio03 medical and health sciencesAnimal scienceAquaculture040102 fisheriesmedicine0401 agriculture forestry and fisheriesJuvenileCompensatory growth (organism)Rainbow troutmedicine.symptombusiness030304 developmental biologyAquaculture
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Effects of weekend starvation and the duration of daily feeding on production parameters of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

2021

Abstract It would often be practical to starve the cultivated fishes over the weekends, e.g. to save in labour costs. We evaluated the possibility that domesticated juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) could compensate for the lost growth of the 2-day weekend starvation by either hyperphagic response and/or by lower feed conversion ratio, compared to the fish fed every day in an 8-week experiment. Rainbow trout (initial weight c. 30 g, temperature 16 °C) starved during the weekends were able to increase feed intake during the weekdays clearly above the intake of the control fish after the first two weekends, also seen as an increase of the compensation coefficients over the last fou…

StarvationSpecific growth0303 health sciencesContinuous feeding04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesAquatic ScienceBiologySelective breedingFeed conversion ratioLiver weight03 medical and health sciencesAnimal science040102 fisheriesmedicine0401 agriculture forestry and fisheriesJuvenileRainbow troutmedicine.symptom030304 developmental biologyAquaculture
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A deep insight into the mechanism of the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of the Z-phenylhydrazone of 5-amino-3-benzoyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole in a non-polar s…

2010

The conversion of the Z-phenylhydrazone of 5-amino-3-benzoyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole (1a) into the relevant 1,2,3-triazole (2a) has been quantitatively studied in toluene in the presence of several halogenoacetic acids (HAAs, 3a–h). Again, the occurrence of two reaction pathways has been pointed out: they require one or two moles of acid, respectively, thus repeating the situation previously observed in the presence of trichloroacetic acid. The observed rate constant ratios (kIII/kII) are only slightly affected by the nature of the acid used. To gain a deeper insight into the action of the acids used we have measured the association constants of the HAAs (3a–h) with 4-nitroaniline (4) in toluene. …

StereochemistryOrganic ChemistryOxadiazoleSettore CHIM/06 - Chimica OrganicaTolueneMedicinal chemistrySolventchemistry.chemical_compoundAcid catalysisReaction rate constantchemistryAcid catalyzedMoleAcid catalysis azoles mononuclear rearrangement of heterocycles ring to ring interconversionPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryTrichloroacetic acidJournal of Physical Organic Chemistry
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EV-Scale Sterile Neutrino Search Using Eight Years of Atmospheric Muon Neutrino Data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

2020

Physical review letters 125(14), 141801 (1-11) (2020). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.141801

Sterile neutrinoPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsGeneral Physics and Astronomysterile [neutrino]01 natural sciencesCosmologyIceCubeHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentSubatomär fysikHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)Astronomi astrofysik och kosmologiSubatomic PhysicsTOOLAstronomy Astrophysics and Cosmologyatmosphere [muon]Muon neutrinoPhysicsPhysicsoscillation [neutrino]Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysicshep-phneutrino: sterilemass difference [neutrino]ddc:muon: atmosphereobservatoryHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyPhysique des particules élémentairessignatureParticle physicsdata analysis methodScale (ratio)Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenaneutrino: mass differenceFOS: Physical sciences530IceCube Neutrino Observatorystatistical analysis0103 physical sciencesOSCILLATIONSddc:530010306 general physicshep-exICEHigh Energy Physics::Phenomenologyneutrino: mixing angleCONVERSIONPhysics and AstronomyCOSMOLOGYHigh Energy Physics::Experimentneutrino: oscillationBAYESIAN-INFERENCEmixing angle [neutrino]experimental results
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A methodology for optimisation of solar dish-Stirling systems size, based on the local frequency distribution of direct normal irradiance

2021

Abstract In geographical areas where direct solar irradiation levels are relatively high, concentrated solar energy systems are one of the most promising green energy technologies. Dish-Stirling systems are those that achieve the highest levels of solar-to-electric conversion efficiency, and yet they are still among the least common commercially available technologies. This paper focuses on a strategy aimed at promoting greater diffusion of dish-Stirling systems, which involves optimizing the size of the collector aperture area based on the hourly frequency distributions of beam irradiance and defining a new incentive scheme with a feed-in tariff that is variable with the installed costs of…

Stirling engineSettore ING-IND/11 - Fisica Tecnica AmbientaleMeteorologyLCOEbusiness.industryNumerical modelsMechanical EngineeringConcentrating Solar PowerEnergy conversion efficiencyIrradianceBuilding and ConstructionManagement Monitoring Policy and LawSolar energylaw.inventionRenewable energyIncentive policiesElectric power systemGeneral EnergylawSolar datasetsDish-StirlingEnvironmental scienceFrequency distributionCost of electricity by sourcebusiness
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Efficient energy conversion for cubic third-harmonic generation that is phase matched in KTiOPO(4).

2000

We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that efficient third-harmonic generation can be achieved with a cubic contribution much larger than the quadratic processes. An energy-conversion efficiency of 2.4% is achieved for cubic third-harmonic generation that is phase matched along the x axis of a KTiOPO(4) crystal by use of a picosecond fundamental laser emitting at 1618 nm. The associated cascading processes are only 10% of the pure cubic interaction, which is very suitable for study of the specific quantum optical correlations. Calculations of the third-harmonic generation conversion efficiency with respect to group-velocity dispersion and to the longitudinal Gaussian beam pro…

Sum-frequency generationMaterials sciencebusiness.industryEnergy conversion efficiencyPhase (waves)Second-harmonic generationLaserAtomic and Molecular Physics and Opticslaw.inventionOpticslawPicosecondDispersion (optics)businessGaussian beamOptics letters
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Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid at a tin cathode in divided and undivided cells: effect of carbon dioxide pressure and oth…

2016

Abstract The reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid at a tin cathode was studied in both divided and undivided cells. In the first stage of the study, the effect of some operating parameters, including the working potential and the nature of the supporting electrolyte and of the cathode, on both the cathodic reduction of CO2 and the anodic oxidation of formic acid was investigated in a divided cell. In a second stage, the reduction of carbon dioxide was performed in an undivided cell with the aim of studying the effect on the generation of formic acid of various operating parameters such as current density, cathode to anode area ratio, mixing rate and nature of the anode and of the supp…

Supporting electrolyteFormic acidGeneral Chemical EngineeringInorganic chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementFormic acid02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistryElectrochemistry01 natural sciencesCarbon dioxide conversionlaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundlawElectrochemistryChemical Engineering (all)CO2 PressureTin cathodeElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxideElectrochemical reduction021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCathode0104 chemical sciencesAnodeCarbon dioxidechemistryCarbon dioxide0210 nano-technologyTinElectrochimica Acta
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