Search results for "Corpus Striatum"
showing 10 items of 87 documents
Neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin and darbepoetin alfa after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.
2009
OBJECTIVE: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating clinical syndrome for which no truly efficacious therapy has yet been identified. In preclinical studies, erythropoietin (EPO) and its long-lasting analog, darbepoetin alfa, have been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in several models of neuronal insult. The objectives of this study were to analyze whether the systemic administration of recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) and its long-lasting derivative darbepoetin alfa expedited functional recovery and brain damage in a rat model of ICH. METHODS: Experimental ICH was induced in rats by injecting autologous blood into the right striatum under stereotactic guidance. Subsequently, animal…
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors regulate neuronal TNF-α effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
2011
Abstract Cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) regulate the neurodegenerative damage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and of multiple sclerosis (MS). The mechanism by which CB1R stimulation exerts protective effects is still unclear. Here we show that pharmacological activation of CB1Rs dampens the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-mediated potentiation of striatal spontaneous glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), which is believed to cogently contribute to the inflammation-induced neurodegenerative damage observed in EAE mice. Furthermore, mice lacking CB1Rs showed a more severe clinical course and, in parallel, exacerbated alterations of sEPSC duration af…
Ikaros-1 couples cell cycle arrest of late striatal precursors with neurogenesis of enkephalinergic neurons
2010
et al.
Negative occurrence between hippocampal rhythmic slow activity and epileptiform spikes: Influence of the striatum
1986
AbstractThe effects of caudate and septal stimulation on hippocampal activity were studied. Sodium penicillin was intravenously injected in order to induce a steady rate of in-terictal epileptic activity. Penicillin injection caused significant reduction of the rate of occurrence and duration of hippocampal rhythmic slow activity (RSA). Spontaneous RSA as well as RSA-eliciting caudate and septal stimulation induced a marked inhibition on frequency of epileptiform complexes. Lesions of the medial septal nucleus made it impossible to record RSA or to observe any sort of influence on hippocampal epileptiform activity by caudate stimulation. This result suggests that the septum is important for…
Subventricular Zone-Derived Neuroblasts Migrate and Differentiate into Mature Neurons in the Post-Stroke Adult Striatum
2006
Recent studies have revealed that the adult mammalian brain has the capacity to regenerate some neurons after various insults. However, the precise mechanism of insult-induced neurogenesis has not been demonstrated. In the normal brain, GFAP-expressing cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles include a neurogenic cell population that gives rise to olfactory bulb neurons only. Herein, we report evidence that, after a stroke, these cells are capable of producing new neurons outside the olfactory bulbs. SVZ GFAP-expressing cells labeled by a cell-type-specific viral infection method were found to generate neuroblasts that migrated toward the injured striatum after middl…
Pre- and postsynaptic type-1 cannabinoid receptors control the alterations of glutamate transmission in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
2013
Type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R) are important regulators of the neurodegenerative damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In GABAergic striatal neurons, CB1R stimulation exerts protective effects by limiting inflammation-induced potentiation of glutamate-mediated spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs). Here we show that CB1R located on GABAergic or on glutamatergic neurons are differentially involved in the pre- and postsynaptic alterations of sEPSCs caused by EAE in the striatum. After induction of EAE, mice selectively lacking CB1R on GABAergic neurons (GABA-CB1R-KO) showed exacerbated alterations of sEPSC duration in GA…
Evaluation of P-glycoprotein (abcb1a/b) modulation of [18F]fallypride in MicroPET imaging studies
2012
[(18)F]Fallypride ([(18)F]FP) is an important and routinely used D2/D3 antagonist for quantitative imaging of dopaminergic neurotransmission in vivo. Recently it was shown that the brain uptake of the structurally related [(11)C]raclopride is modulated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an important efflux transporter at the blood-brain barrier. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the brain uptake of [(18)F]FP is influenced by P-gp. For examination of this possible modulation microPET studies were performed in a rat and a mouse model. Hence, [(18)F]FP was applied to Sprague Dawley rats, half of them being treated with the P-gp inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA). In a second experimental s…
Young neurons from medial ganglionic eminence disperse in adult and embryonic brain.
1999
In this study, we identified neuronal precursors that can disperse through adult mammalian brain tissue. Transplanted neuronal precursors from embryonic medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), but not from lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) or neocortex, dispersed and differentiated into neurons in multiple adult brain regions. In contrast, only LGE cells were able to migrate efficiently from the adult subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb. In embryonic brain slices, MGE cells migrated extensively toward cortex. Our results demonstrate that cells in different germinal regions have unique migratory potentials, and that adult mammalian brain can support widespread dispersion of specific populati…
AAV Vector–mediated RNAi of Mutant Huntingtin Expression Is Neuroprotective in a Novel Genetic Rat Model of Huntington's Disease
2008
We report the characterization of a new rapid-onset model of Huntington's disease (HD) generated by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector–mediated gene transfer of N-terminal huntingtin (htt) constructs into the rat striatum. Expression of exon 1 of mutant htt containing 70 CAG repeats rapidly led to neuropathological features associated with HD. In addition, we report novel data relating to neuronal transduction of AAV vectors that modulated the phenotype observed in this model. Quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) revealed that AAV vector–mediated expression in the striatum increased by >100-fold as compared to the endogenous htt level. Moreover, AAV vectors…
mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268, by enhancing the production of GDNF, induces a time-related phosphorylation of RET receptor and intracellular signaling Er…
2011
In the present study we aimed to verify if the enhancement of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) production in mouse striatum following treatment with LY379268 may also induce in the nigrostriatal system a time-related activation of RET receptor and its specific intracellular signaling. For this purpose, we have investigated the effects of LY379268 treatment on RET phosphorylation at the Tyr1062 and on downstream signaling Erk1/2, Akt and PLCγ1 pathway activation. The results showed that treatment with LY379268 (3 mg/kg) induces a significant increase of GDNF levels and time-related RET and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in the striatum. These increases were detected at 24 h and 48 …