Search results for "Cost Analysis"
showing 10 items of 86 documents
Future trends for the civil rotorcraft
2013
In response to public needs about the use of air transport to connect high congested or remote areas where airports are not present, rotorcraft (or seaplanes), represents the only available alternative. Today the helicopter industry focuses its tasks in the maximization of profit, building multirole aircrafts that can be adapted to all types of use: from the military to the civilian one, from HEMS and SAR to the Off Shore one. On the other hand the rotorcraft enterprises are small companies, often characterized by a limited budget and weak demand services. Often, analyzing rotorcraft civil transportation, companies are forced to perform on-demand services, as the operating costs of the airc…
Valorization of surface-water RO brines via Assisted-Reverse Electrodialysis for minerals recovery: Performance analysis and scale-up perspectives
2022
Reverse osmosis (RO) processes have been recently identified as mostly capable of quantitative removal of salts and contaminants from saline and surface waters, though posing the problem of a concentrated brine to be disposed of and a produced permeate too low in minerals, thus requiring a sometimes expensive remineralization step. In the present paper, Assisted-Reverse Electrodialysis (A-RED) has been proposed for the remineralization of surface-water RO permeate by recovering minerals from its brine. A purposely developed and validated model has been adopted to carry out a parametric analysis for design and optimization of an industrial-scale plant. The techno-economic analysis underlined…
Electrochemical treatment of real wastewater with low conductivity
2018
In the last years, many efforts have been devoted to the development of electrochemical processes for the effective treatment of wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants resistant to conventional biological processes and/or toxic for microorganisms [1–5]. It was shown that some electrochemical approaches, including the direct anodic oxidation at suitable anodes such as boron-doped diamond (BDD) and/or electro-Fenton (EF) at suitable operating conditions and cells [1–6] could allow treating effectively a very large number of organic pollutants. However, most of the investigations were performed using synthetic wastewater. Hence, it is now mandatory to study the problems connected to the…
Why laparoscopists may opt for three-dimensional view: a summary of the full HTA report on 3D versus 2D laparoscopy by S.I.C.E. (Società Italiana di …
2018
Background Three-dimensional view in laparoscopic general, gynaecologic and urologic surgery is an efficient, safe and sustainable innovation. The present paper is an extract taken from a full health technology assessment report on three-dimensional vision technology compared with standard two-dimensional laparoscopic systems. Methods A health technology assessment approach was implemented in order to investigate all the economic, social, ethical and organisational implications related to the adoption of the innovative three-dimensional view. With the support of a multi-disciplinary team, composed of eight experts working in Italian hospitals and Universities, qualitative and quantitative d…
Fractional visco-elastic Timoshenko beam from elastic Euler-Bernoulli beam
2014
The Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is well established in such a way that engineers are very confident with the determination of the stress field or deflections of the elastic beam based on this theory. In contrast, Timoshenko theory is not so much used by engineers. However, in some cases, Euler–Bernoulli theory, which neglects the effect of transversal shear deformation, yields unacceptable results. For instance, when dealing with visco-elastic behavior, shear deformations play a fundamental role. Recent studies on the response evaluation of a visco-elastic Euler–Bernoulli beam under quasi-static and dynamic loads have been stressed that for better capturing of the visco-elastic behavior, a …
Quantifying trade-offs between ecological gains, economic costs, and landowners' preferences in boreal mire protection.
2021
Private land often encompasses biodiversity features of high conservation value, but its protection is not straightforward. Commonly, landowners’ perspectives are rightfully allowed to influence conservation actions. This unlikely comes without consequences on biodiversity or other aspects such as economic considerations, but these consequences are rarely quantitatively considered in decision-making. In the context of boreal mire protection in Finland, we report how acknowledging landowners’ resistance to protection changes the combination of mires selected to conservation compared to ignoring landowners’ opinions. Using spatial prioritization, we quantify trade-offs arising between the amo…
A multi-objective approach to solid waste management
2010
The issue addressed in this paper consists in the localization and dimensioning of transfer stations, which constitute a necessary intermediate level in the logistic chain of the solid waste stream, from municipalities to the incinerator. Contextually, the determination of the number and type of vehicles involved is carried out in an integrated optimization approach. The model considers both initial investment and operative costs related to transportation and transfer stations. Two conflicting objectives are evaluated, the minimization of total cost and the minimization of environmental impact, measured by pollution. The design of the integrated waste management system is hence approached i…
Green strategies for decontamination of analytical wastes
2010
Within the paradigm of green analytical chemistry, we discuss the different options for cleaning analytical wastes in the literature, paying special attention to on-line recycling of solvents, degradation of toxic compounds and trace-element passivation. The objective of this review is to present and to evaluate critically suitable methodologies that can be incorporated into analytical methods in order to reduce or to avoid the generation of toxic wastes, which could cumulate in the laboratory and have to be managed outside, so increasing the risks and the cost of analysis.
Domestic sewage treatment plant or ecological septic tank
2017
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Modeling of Co-utilization of Glucose and Xylose for 2,3-BDO Production by Zymomonas mobilis
2021
Prior engineering of the ethanologen Zymomonas mobilis has enabled it to metabolize xylose and to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) as a dominant fermentation product. When co-fermenting with xylose, glucose is preferentially utilized, even though xylose metabolism generates ATP more efficiently during 2,3-BDO production on a BDO-mol basis. To gain a deeper understanding of Z. mobilis metabolism, we first estimated the kinetic parameters of the glucose facilitator protein of Z. mobilis by fitting a kinetic uptake model, which shows that the maximum transport capacity of glucose is seven times higher than that of xylose, and glucose is six times more affinitive to the transporter than xylose.…