Search results for "CpG"
showing 10 items of 121 documents
The CpG island methylator phenotype in breast cancer is associated with the lobular subtype
2014
Background: Aberrations in DNA methylation patterns are well-described in human malignancies. However, the existence of the ‘CpG island methylator phenotype’ (CIMP) in human breast cancer is still controversial. Materials & methods: Illumina's HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip was used to analyze genome-wide DNA methylation patterns. Chromosomal abnormalities were determined by array-based CGH. Results: Invasive lobular breast carcinomas exhibit the highest number of differentially methylated CpG sites and a strong inverse correlation of aberrant DNA hypermethylation and copy number alterations. Nine differentially methylated regions within seven genes discriminating the investigated subg…
Methyl-CpG-binding proteins
2000
CpG methylation, the most common epigenetic modification of vertebrate genomes, is primarily associated with transcriptional repression. MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3 and MBD4 constitute a family of vertebrate proteins that share the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD). The MBD, consisting of about 70 residues, possesses a unique alpha/beta-sandwich structure with characteristic loops, and is able to bind single methylated CpG pairs as a monomer. All MBDs except MBD4, an endonuclease that forms a complex with the DNA mismatch-repair protein MLH1, form complexes with histone deacetylase. It has been established that MeCP2, MBD1 and MBD2 are involved in histone deacetylase-dependent repression and it i…
New point mutation (R243W) in the hormone binding domain of the c‐erbA β1 gene in a family with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone
1996
Two years after the first mutation on exon 7 in the carboxy-terminal part of the hinge domain (D) was reported (Behr and Loos 1992), we have identified the second mutation on exon 7 in patients with GRTH. Interestingly, our mutation it is not located in the two previously described "hot spot regions", but instead very close to the hinge domain (D) of the receptor protein that is essential for the function of the hormone binding domain (E) (Lin et al., 1991). Confirming the observation that the majority of single base substitutions causing human genetic diseases or DNA polymorphisms follow the hot spot mutation rule of CG to TG and CG to CA transition (Barker et al., 1984), an additional CpG…
Patterns of genomic instability in gastric cancer: clinical implications and perspectives
2007
In gastric cancer (GC) the loss of genomic stability represents a key molecular step that occurs early in the carcinogenesis process and creates a permissive environment for the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. It is widely accepted that GC can follow at least two major genomic instability pathways, microsatellite instability (MSI) and chromosome instability (CIN). MSI is responsible for a well-defined subset of GCs. CIN represents a more common pathway comprising heterogeneous subsets of GC. In addition to MSI and CIN, the CpG islands methylator phenotype (CIMP) plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. CIMP may lead to th…
Human taste receptors : study of structure-function relationships
2019
Sweet, umami and bitter taste detectors are membrane receptors that belong to the family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). They are characterized by the existence of a hydrophobic transmembrane domain (TMD) and an activation mechanism that involves a heterotrimeric G protein.Human has 25 bitter taste receptors TAS2R. These receptors belong to class A GPCRs. Their architecture consists of a TMD structured in 7 -helix which form the orthosteric binding site of bitter molecules. The umami taste receptor is a heterodimer composed of the TAS1R1 and TAS1R3 subunits, while the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 subunits form the sweet taste receptor. Each subunits belongs to the class C GPCRs and shares a c…
Precision wormlike nanoadjuvant governs potency of vaccination
2021
It remains unclear how the precise length of one-dimensional nanovehicles influences the characters of vaccination. Here, a unimolecular nanovehicle with tailored size and aspect ratio (AR) is applied to deliver CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist, as an adjuvant of recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen (rHBsAg), for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Cationic nanovehicles with fixed width (ca. 45 nm) but varied length (46 nm-180 nm), AR from 1 to 4, are prepared through controlled polymerization and are loaded with CpG by electrostatic interaction. We reveal that the nanoadjuvant with AR = 2 shows the highest retention in proximal lymph nodes. Importantl…
Characterization of a new, nonpathogenic mutant of Botrytis cinerea with impaired plant colonization capacity.
2006
International audience; Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that attacks more than 200 plant species.Here, the nonpathogenic mutant A336, obtained via insertional mutagenesis, was characterized.Mutant A336 was nonpathogenic on leaves and fruits, on intact and wounded tissue, while still able to penetrate the host plant. It grew normally in vitro on rich media but its conidiation pattern was altered. The mutant did not produce oxalic acid and exhibited a modified regulation of the production of some secreted proteins (acid protease 1 and endopolygalacturonase 1). Culture filtrates of the mutant triggered an important oxidative burst in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera ) suspension cells, a…
DNA Methylation and Non-Coding RNAs during Tissue-Injury Associated Pain.
2022
While about half of the population experience persistent pain associated with tissue damages during their lifetime, current symptom-based approaches often fail to reduce such pain to a satisfactory level. To provide better patient care, mechanism-based analgesic approaches must be developed, which necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the nociceptive mechanism leading to tissue injury-associated persistent pain. Epigenetic events leading the altered transcription in the nervous system are pivotal in the maintenance of pain in tissue injury. However, the mechanisms through which those events contribute to the persistence of pain are not fully understood. This review provides a summar…
Induced Pluripotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Clones Retain Donor-derived Differences in DNA Methylation Profiles
2012
Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an epigenetic phenomenon. It has been suggested that iPSC retain some tissue-specific memory whereas little is known about interindividual epigenetic variation. We have reprogrammed mesenchymal stromal cells from human bone marrow (iP-MSC) and compared their DNA methylation profiles with initial MSC and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using high-density DNA methylation arrays covering more than 450,000 CpG sites. Overall, DNA methylation patterns of iP-MSC and ESC were similar whereas some CpG sites revealed highly significant differences, which were not related to parental MSC. Furthermore, hypermethylation in iP-MSC…
Skin-derived macrophages from Leishmania major-susceptible mice exhibit interleukin-12- and interferon-gamma-independent nitric oxide production and …
2002
Co-administration of CpG-containing immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides and parasite antigen protects susceptible BALB/c mice from otherwise progressive infection with Leishmania major. Although the protective effect of CpG-containing immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides is clearly dependent on endogenous interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma production, the source of these Th1-promoting cytokines in infected mice is unknown. In contrast to macrophages from Leishmania-resistant C57BL/6 mice, macrophages from susceptible BALB/c mice are hyporesponsive to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. While studying interactions of various antigen-presenting cells with Leishma…