Search results for "Crania"
showing 10 items of 885 documents
Recommendations for the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
2005
After SAH, primary and secondary complications are frequent and often require neurosurgical interventions to avoid secondary brain damage. The authors of the present paper have summarized the available data about the treatment modalities often used for patients with SAH. The present recommendations have been developed as a neurosurgical and neuroanestesiological consensus. Evidence from prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled studies support grade A recommendations (standard) for the prophylaxis and treatment of cerebral vasospasm with oral Nimodipine in good grade patients. For intravenous Nimodipine or for oral nimodipine treatment in poor grade patients, available data …
Opening New Window in Upper Clival Region: Results from Anatomic Study.
2018
Considering its position located anteriorly to the brainstem, the retrosellar area, in particular the upper clival region and the interpeduncular cistern, is one of the most difficult regions to surgically approach. To date, many different operative solutions have been described, given that this region is attainable by both lateral and median approaches. Lateral routes include the frontolateral, subtemporal, and frontotemporozygomatic approaches with relative variants that have been extensively reported. Among the lateral approaches, the frontotemporozygomatic one is considered particularly useful because it allows better visualization of the retrosellar and suprasellar areas minimizing the…
Image-guided transcranial Doppler sonography for monitoring of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
2016
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a standard method for bedside vasospasm monitoring after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Image guidance has previously been shown to reduce intra- and interobserver variability of this method. The aim of the present study was to compare image-guided and conventional TCD in vasospasm monitoring after SAH.418 TCD exams of 24 consecutive SAH patients registered in a database were evaluated. Of these, 130 image-guided exams were identified which had been performed on the same day as conventional Doppler exams. These matched pairs were taken for statistical analysis. Data were tested statistically using the sign test applied at patient level to aggregated …
High Resolution CT Angiography in Detection of an Aneurysm of the Vein of Galen as a Source of Intracranial Haemorrhage in a Newborn.
2011
Cerebral haemorrhage is a rare condition in infants and carries a known poor prognosis. Common causes of spontaneous haemorrhage include various vascular venous lesions due to incomplete hydrovenous maturation, among them Galen vein aneurysm may be a very rare cause of cerebral haemorrhage. This report emphasizes the role of multidector CT with high resolution CT angiography in a newborn with cerebral hemorrhage caused by Galen vein aneurysm rupture. MDCT with high resolution CT angiography helps to differentiate the cause of haemorrhage, and to address the appropriate treatment.
Computed Tomography in Processes at the Base of the Skull and in the Skull Vault
1981
Many CT systems allow detailed examination of the bony structures of the base of the skull and the vault. Elimination of the waterbox and enlargement of the opening of the gantry allows free positioning of the head, use of coronary projections, and studies of the base of the skull. A high-resolution matrix (320 × 320 for the EMI 5005 used in most of the studies in our series) provides a high degree of accuracy. A number of authors has reported on the use of computed tomography in studying the base of the skull, especially for planning surgical proce duresor radiation therapy (Liliequist and Forsell 1976; Bradac et al. 1977 b; Bradac et al. 1977c; Bradac et al. 1978; Hammerschlag et al. 1977…
Surgically verified variations in the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery
1991
✓ Two patients with rare variations of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery are presented. One patient had a perforation of the optic tract by an abnormal course of the A1 segment, and the other harbored an aneurysm of the A1 segment running below the optic nerve. The authors present a summary of A1 segment variations described in the literature.
The aristaless (Arx) gene: one gene for many "interneuronopathies".
2009
The ARX (Aristaless-related (X-linked) homeobox) gene is not only present in arthropods and their ancestors, but also in vertebrates including humans (ARX orthologs). The gene is composed of 5 coding exons and it is expressed predominantly in foetal and adult brain and skeletal muscle. In this review we report on our experience and review the existing literature on the genotype and phenotype heterogeneity associated with ARX abnormalities in humans ranging from severe neuronal migration defects (e.g., lissencephaly), to mild forms of X-linked mental retardation without apparent brain abnormalities. The ARX-related disorders are reviewed focusing on their clinical features and on the role of…
Effects of low-gamma tACS on primary motor cortex in implicit motor learning
2019
Abstract In the primary motor cortex (M1), rhythmic activity in the gamma frequency band has been found during movement planning, onset and execution. Although the role of high-gamma oscillatory activity in M1 is well established, the contribution of low-gamma activity is still unexplored. In this study, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) was used with the aim to specifically modulate low-gamma frequency band in M1, during an implicit motor learning task. A 40 Hz-tACS was applied over the left M1 while participants performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT) using their right hand. The task required the repetitive execution of sequential movements in response to sequences …
Motor cortical plasticity induced by motor learning through mental practice
2015
Several investigations suggest that actual and mental actions trigger similar neural substrates. Motor learning via physical practice results in long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity processes, namely potentiation of M1 and a temporary occlusion of additional LTP-like plasticity. However, whether this neuroplasticity process contributes to improve motor performance through mental practice remains to be determined. Here, we tested skill learning-dependent changes in primary motor cortex (M1) excitability and plasticity by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation in subjects trained to physically execute or mentally perform a sequence of finger opposition movements. Before and after …
Pacientu ar ventrikulāro stomu aprūpe intensīvās terapijas un reanimācijas nodaļā
2018
Bakalaura darba tēma ir “Pacientu ar ventrikulāro stomu aprūpe intensīvās terapijas un reanimācijas nodaļā”. Smaga galvas smadzeņu trauma visbiežāk ir 15-35 gadu veciem cilvēkiem, un tā ir 1/3 ar traumatismu saistītu nāves gadījumu. Pieejamā medicīnas statistika liecina, ka gadā no katriem 100.000 iedzīvotājiem 150-200 tiek ievietoti stacionārā intensīvās terapijas nodaļā, galvas traumas dēļ. No hospitalizētiem pacientiem 8-11% ir galvas trauma ir ar 30-60% letalitāti. Smagas galvas traumas rada divējādus bojājumus – primārus un sekundārus, kas ir viens no nāves un invaliditātes cēloņiem pacientiem līdz 40 gadu vecumam, kā arī, galvenais, kvalitatīvas dzīves gadu zaudējuma iemesls. Tēmas ak…