Search results for "Cranial nerve"

Surgical techniques for smile restoration in patients with Möbius syndrome

2013

Möbius syndrome is a congenital condition, the etiology when is not associated with misoprostol is not well defined. Signs and symptoms include difficulty swallowing, speech problems, drooling, strabismus, limitation of eye movement and more importantly, the facial blankness that these individuals have, result of the facial paralysis, due to atrophy of the cranial nerves that are involved in this condition. The ability to express emotions is affected and are considered "children without a smile." There is currently no treatment to solvent the birth defects, the treatment options for reduce these alterations is the surgical option that has as main objective to restore muscle function through…

Ocular Motor Palsy After Spinal Puncture

2017

Abstract Ocular motor palsy is a rare but alarming complication of subarachnoid puncture. In order to better understand this condition, a literature search was performed in English of PubMed articles for cranial nerves III, IV, and VI palsies after spinal puncture. Sixty-five articles (dated 1930–2015) were identified, and 114 cases were obtained for analysis. Subarachnoid anesthesia was the most frequent cause (45.6%), with a higher incidence for females than males. The age of patients was 40.24 ± 13.35 years (age range, 6–71 years). The sixth cranial nerve was the most commonly involved (92.1%), with higher frequency in the right eye. Palsy onset started 7.30 ± 4.09 days after puncture. D…

Vestibular Function after Acoustic Neuroma Removal with Preservation of One Branch of the Vestibular Nerve

2002

Background Vestibular compensation after acoustic neuroma surgery is affected by many parameters. Apart from surgical approach, age of the patient, and comorbidity, the use of rehabilitative vestibular training and the degree of preoperative vestibular compensation play their respective roles. Objective To examine whether and how surgical preservation of one branch of the vestibular nerve affects the compensation process in patients after acoustic neuroma removal. Study design Prospective study involving 29 patients with acoustic neuromas. In 15 patients operated on by the middle fossa or retrosigmoid approach, one branch of the vestibular nerve could be preserved intraoperatively, and the …

Ventrolateral Compression of the Brain Stem in Essential Hypertension: MR Angiography Study

1997

Our purpose was to evaluate neurovascular compression at the level of ventrolateral medulla and NVC with the IXth and the Xth cranial nerves in patients with essential hypertension and in healthy volunteers using high resoluted Spoiled Recalled Gradient Echo (SPGR) sequences, allowing the detection of stationary tissues and moving spins. Thirty patients (19 men and 11 women) with essential hypertension were examined. Patient's ages ranged from 24 to 64 years-old (mean age was 48 y.o.). Patients older than 65 were excluded. The average of systolic blood-pressure of hypertensive patients was 183 ± 10 mmHg, while the diastolic pressure was 98 ± 10.5 mmHg. In conclusion, we consider axial sing…

Neural conservation in skull base surgery

2002

Surgical treatment of lesions of the skull base carries significant risk to the functioning of the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, and cranial nerves. This risk is due to both (1) problems associated with maintaining an adequate blood flow while exposing and removing the tumor and (2) direct or indirect trauma to the brain, perineural tissues, and cranial nerves. These risks may be reduced if information about possible implications of surgical maneuvers on the cerebral blood flow and on the function of the patient’s CNS and cranial nerves is available and can be monitored during surgery of the skull base. The use of EMG neuromonitoring for the facial nerve and of brainstem evoked response …

Meningiomas of the Space of the Cavernous Sinus

1996

During the years 1985 to 1992, we encountered 59 patients with meningiomas involving the space of the cavernous sinus. In 29 of these patients, meningiomas were primarily located within the space of the cavernous sinus and were operated on without mortality and with low morbidity. A small subtemporal surgical approach was favored, which allowed initial tumor resection from the posterior aspect, where the Parkinson's triangle is wide, thus avoiding the additional morbidity of large-scale approaches. According to the relationships of the all-important cranial nerves passing within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, we divided the primary intracavernous meningiomas into four types, which…

Intraoperatives Monitoring motorischer Hirnnerven bei Operationen an Hals und Schädelbasis

1994

Intraoperative monitoring of cranial nerves is performed to minimize postoperative cranial nerve dysfunction. We performed electrophysiological monitoring of motor cranial nerves with a NIM 2 unit from Xomed Treace and a patient multiplexer developed in our clinic. This multiplexer allows simultaneous monitoring of 4 cranial nerves and is additionally equipped with a bipolar stimulation mode. This intraoperative monitoring was employed during 102 skull base operations. Of these 102 operations, 44 were acoustic neuroma removals by translabyrinthine approach and 36 by a middle fossa approach. Various operations including removal of tumours of the jugular foramen and the infratemporal fossa we…

Is Homelessness a Risk Factor for Eye Disease?

2005

<i>Background:</i> There is general agreement on the presence of a correlation between poverty and impaired health. However, only scarce data are available on whether this also applies to the incidence of eye disease. The present study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of ocular disease in homeless people in Germany. <i>Methods:</i> 107 homeless people (97 male, 10 female; mean age 49 years, range 18–81 years) treated in specialised social service institutions were investigated prospectively according to a standardised ophthalmological screening protocol. This comprised visual acuity, assessment of pupillary light reaction, intra-ocular pressure, slit lamp e…

Modifications of a nerve integrity monitor useful in skull base surgery.

1993

Consideraciones y conducta neuroanestesiológica postoperatoria

2012

Surgery of the posterior fossa and/or craniospinal region has a high rate of postoperative morbidity and mortality, which has rarely been described in the scientific literature. This review aims to describe the available evidence in the literature on the complications associated with this type of surgery and its neuroanesthesiological and/ or neurocritical management, as well as to highlight the predisposing factors that can increase the complications rate. Knowledge of the complications related to neurosurgical disorders of the posterior fossa could aid in their prevention or help in the selection of appropriate treatment that would minimize their consequences. A systematic literature sear…