Search results for "Crops"
showing 10 items of 193 documents
N2O emissions during and after legume crops cultivation
2018
International audience
Do the high phenotypic plasticity of A. artemisiifolia L. explain its invasive success in France?
2008
International audience; Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae) is an invasive annual plant introduced from North America to Europe over 100 years ago. This plant species is now widespread in numerous countries all over the world, causing damages to agricultural crops and human health. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is spreading as a weed in many field crops but is also able to invade a wide range of areas such as various human disturbed habitats or riverbanks (Figure 1). A considerable variability of the life history traits of A. artemisiifolia was previously observed among and within different populations (Fumanal et al., 2007). Since the success of colonization of some invasive plant species may r…
Résistance aux inhibiteurs de l’ALS chez le séneçon commun (Senecio vulgaris) : la situation en vigne et en grandes cultures
2016
Resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) : situation in franch vineyards and major field crops. Common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) is a ubiquitous weed that is highly mobile and which seeds can germinate almost all year long. It also is the only weed species today in France that is officially acknowledged to have evolved a resistance to one same herbicide mode of action both in vineyards and major field crops. The purpose of this paper is to provide a picture of a few major aspects of this resistance: underlying mechanisms, detection, seed viability, spread and geographical extent of the resistance.
Multifunctional areas as a tool to enhance biodiversity and promote conservation in alfalfa fields.
2021
The present study analyses the effects of multifunctional areas (MA) for three years (2013–2015) on an intensive multi-crop farm in Portugal. The implementation of MA resulted in a wide range of enhancements in the insect community, such as significant effects as a reservoir, allowing an increase of 102.47% in the number of species and 97.64% of individuals. MA play an important role in conservation strategies and help increase the population of rare and threatened arthropod species.
Guidance on allergenicity assessment of genetically modified plants
2017
Abstract This document provides supplementary guidance on specific topics for the allergenicity risk assessment of genetically modified plants. In particular, it supplements general recommendations outlined in previous EFSA GMO Panel guidelines and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 503/2013. The topics addressed are non‐IgE‐mediated adverse immune reactions to foods, in vitro protein digestibility tests and endogenous allergenicity. New scientific and regulatory developments regarding these three topics are described in this document. Considerations on the practical implementation of those developments in the risk assessment of genetically modified plants are discussed and recommended, where …
Biochemical methane potential (BMP) of solid organic substrates: evaluation of anaerobic biodegradability using data from an international interlabor…
2011
Background: This paper describes results obtained for different participating research groups in an interlaboratory study related to biochemical methane potential (BMP). In this research work, all experimental conditions influencing the test such as inoculum, substrate characteristics and experimental conditions were investigated. The study was performed using four substrates: three positive control substrates (starch, cellulose and gelatine), and one raw biomass material (mung bean) at two different inoculum to substrate ratios (ISR). Results: The average methane yields for starch, cellulose, gelatine and mung bean at ISR of 2 and 1 were 350 ± 33, 350 ± 29, 380 ± 42, 370 ± 36 and 370 ± 35 …
Production of cecropin A in transgenic rice plants has an impact on host gene expression.
2008
Summary Expression of the cecropin A gene in rice confers resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction-based suppression subtractive hybridization approach was used to generate a cDNA macroarray from the elite japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar ‘Senia’. Gene expression studies revealed that the expression of components of the protein secretory and vesicular transport machinery is co-ordinately activated at the pre-invasive stage of infection of rice by the blast fungus. Comparisons of gene expression between wild-type and cecropin A plants revealed the over-expression of genes involved in protection against oxidative stress in tran…
Commercial essential oils: sustainable alternatives in the agri-food industry
2019
Essential oils have enjoyed great popularity from ancient times to today due to agreeable scent and widely known beneficial properties. As a result, nowadays they have become valuable natural ingredients in perfume and cosmetics, food and beverages, agricultural, pharmaceutical and other industries for employment in human health, agriculture and environment, representing potentially safer and more sustainable alternatives to synthetic substances. This Doctoral Thesis has been developed with the aim of corroborating that essential oils are safer and more sustainable alternatives to synthetic products used in the agri-food industry, and consequently promoting their use as “bio” products to ma…
Energia zapomnianego topinamburu
2017
Zainteresowanie znalezieniem alternatywy dla energii z paliw kopalnych zwiększa się i kieruje uwagę na rośliny, które mogą być źródłem biomasy. Szczególnie cenne jest uprawianie roślin bioenergetycznych na glebach o mniejszej przydatności rolniczej, ugorach i terenach rekultywacyjnych. W tym względzie, wśród dużej grupy roślin, wielki potencjał ma słonecznik bulwiasty (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Jest on gatunkiem wszechstronnym, użytecznym jako surowiec w wielu gałęziach przemysłu, tradycyjna żywność dla ludzi i zwyczajowa pasza dla zwierząt. Obecnie, w Polsce bylinom tym nadal nie poświęca się wystarczającej uwagi. W artykule omówiono wybrane zagadnienia związane uprawą słonecznika bulwiast…
Crop type and altitude are the main drivers of species composition of arable weed vegetation in Tajikistan
2015
Summary The influence of broad-scale environmental factors on the species composition of segetal weed communities in Tajikistan was investigated. The research was conducted throughout the country, analysing plots of root crops as well as cereals from all phytogeographical regions of Tajikistan, with the exception of the eastern Pamir. The study was based on 440 phytosociological relevees sampled between 2009 and 2013 and analysed using direct and indirect ordinations. A set of environmental variables was obtained for each plot: altitude, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, pH, crop type, longitude, latitude and date of sampling (seasonality). Crop type was the major factor d…