Search results for "Crowding"

The Sustainability of Cruise Tourism Onshore: The Impact of Crowding on Visitors’ Satisfaction

2019

The sustainability of cruise tourism has been questioned in relation to its negative effects on ports of call, among which crowding has recently become more pronounced. However, an understanding of how crowdedness influences cruise tourists&rsquo

Discretionary Government Consumption, Private Domestic Demand, and Crisis Episodes

2012

This paper analyzes the dynamic impact of discretionary government consumption purchases on private demand. Using a panel of 132 countries from 1960 to 2008, we find that while discretionary changes in government consumption lead to crowding-in effects in the short run, crowding-out effects take over in the medium run. In addition, we also find that both short-term crowding-in and mediumterm crowding out effects are amplified once we control for periods of crisis.

The Impact of Government Spending on the Private Sector: Crowding-out versus Crowding-in Effects

2011

Summary We contribute to the empirical literature on the effect of government spending on economic activity, by assessing the impact of changes in government spending-GDP ratio on (the short-term growth rates of) private consumption and investment. We do this by analysing a panel sample of 145 countries from 1960 to 2007. The results of our paper suggest that government spending produces important crowding-out effects, by negatively affecting both private consumption and investment. The result is broadly robust to both country and time effects, and different econometric specifications. In addition, we show that the effect of government consumption on private consumption and investment does …

Does Government Spending Crowd Out Private Consumption and Investment?

2011

To counteract the impact of the financial crisis, governments have imple-mented significant fiscal stimulus packages that involve a combination of tax cuts and a boost in social and public infrastructure spending. While, before the turmoil, there was broad consensus that monetary policy should be the primary tool of stabilisation policy, and fiscal policy should play lit-tle role beyond allowing automatic stabilisers to operate, during the crisis almost all major countries adopted discretionary fiscal policy measures. In the debate on the fiscal policy response to the economic downturn, the effectiveness of fiscal policy to support the economy has, there-fore, regained importance and renewe…

Thermal Behavior of dry and hydrated MbCO crowded systems

2009

Crowding y Overtourism en la literatura de turismo y cruceros

2020

[EN] The purpose of this article is to make a small analysis of the situation of Crowding and Overtourism literature in the tourism sector. In addition, the paper makes a special review of this literature with emphasis on cruise ship literature. Using the Web of Science as a basis, the study makes a brief bibliometric analysis of this literature. The purpose is to know the state of the art and main trends in this literature. In addition, the work aims to lay the foundations for a subsequent in-depth analysis of this literature. The work has implications for researchers, as it analyses gaps in the literature and new future trends. In addition, the work can help professionals to observe new p…

On the Effect of Downscaling in Inkjet Printed Life-Inspired Compartments

2019

The fabrication of size-scalable liquid compartments is a topic of fundamental importance in synthetic biology, aiming to mimic the structures and the functions of cellular compartments. Here, inkjet printing is demonstrated as a customizable approach to fabricate aqueous compartments at different size regimes (from nanoliter to femtoliter scale) revealing the crucial role of size in governing the emerging of new properties. At first, inkjet printing is shown to produce homogenous aqueous compartments stabilized by oil-confinement with mild surfactants down to the hundreds of picoliter scale [1]. Raster Image Correlation Spectroscopy allows to monitor few intermolecular events by the involv…

Modeling crowd dynamics through coarse-grained data analysis

2018

International audience; Understanding and predicting the collective behaviour of crowds is essential to improve the efficiency of pedestrian flows in urban areas and minimize the risks of accidents at mass events. We advocate for the development of crowd traffic management systems, whereby observations of crowds can be coupled to fast and reliable models to produce rapid predictions of the crowd movement and eventually help crowd managers choose between tailored optimization strategies. Here, we propose a Bi-directional Macroscopic (BM) model as the core of such a system. Its key input is the fundamental diagram for bi-directional flows, i.e. the relation between the pedestrian fluxes and d…

Evolution of dental arches characteristics in two age groups

2005

Introducción: Se comparan las características dimensionales de las arcadas dentarias entre dos grupos de edades diferentes, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, para analizar las variaciones asociadas a la edad, sexo y a la influencia del tratamiento ortodóncico. Material y método: Se utilizaron dos muestras: 88 pares de modelos de escayola de adolescentes (edad media 14,05 años) y 65 de adultos (edad media 22,15 años). Se usó un método digital para la medición de los diámetros mesiodistales de los dientes, distancias intercaninas e intermolares, longitudes de las arcadas y se obtuvo el apiñamiento dentario inferior. Para el análisis estadístico se agruparon las muestras de cada grupo de edad po…

Resistance to Change in the Corporate Elite

2017

In this empirical study, we investigate the variation in firms’ response to institutional pressure for gender-balanced boards, focusing specifically on the preservation of prevailing practices of director selection and its impact on the representation of women on the board of directors. Using 8 years of data from publicly listed Nordic corporations, we show societal pressure to be one of the determinants of female directorship. Moreover, in some corporations, the director selection process may work to maintain “a traditional type of board”. In such boards, demographic diversity among male members appears to be associated with a lower share of female directors, although we cannot establish w…