Search results for "Crowding"
showing 10 items of 67 documents
Risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalization during the first year of life in a multicenter Italian birth cohort
2015
Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the main causes of respiratory infections during the first year of life. Very premature infants may contract more severe diseases and 'late preterm infants' may also be more susceptible to the infection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for hospitalization during the first year of life in children born at different gestational ages in Italy. Methods: A cohort of 33-34 weeks gestational age (wGA) newborns matched by sex and age with two cohort of newborns born at 35-37 wGA and >37 wGA were enrolled in this study for a three-year period (2009-2012). Hospitalization for bronchiolitis (ICD-9 code 466.1) during the f…
Which factors influence orthodontists in their decision to extract? A questionnaire survey
2019
Background To evaluate the relative influence of different criteria in the choice between extraction and nonextraction treatment in current orthodontics, and to assess how the percentage of extractions has evolved over time. Material and methods Pre-treatment records (panoramic radiograph, lateral cephalogram, study casts and photographs) of fourteen cases in permanent dentition (adult or adolescent) with class I molar relationship and moderate anterior crowding were evaluated by 28 orthodontists. For each case, each orthodontist filled out a questionnaire reporting his treatment plan proposal (extraction or nonextraction) and the importance of specific parameters in his decision-making pro…
The potential for pneumococcal vaccination in Hajj pilgrims: expert opinion.
2013
Hajj is the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and is one of the largest mass gathering events in the world. Acute respiratory tract infections are very common during Hajj, primarily as a result of close contact among pilgrims, intense congestion, shared accommodation and air pollution. A number of vaccines are (or have been) recommended for Hajj pilgrims in recent years. Several additional vaccines could significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality at Hajj and should be considered in health recommendations for pilgrims. Pneumococcal vaccines (particularly for those aged >65 years) are widely available, and have been shown to reduce the burden of disease associat…
Discovery of New Companions to High Proper Motion Stars from the VVV Survey
2013
[abridged] The severe crowding in the direction of the inner Milky Way suggests that the census of stars within a few tens of parsecs in that direction may not be complete. We search for new nearby objects companions of known high proper motion (HPM) stars located towards the densest regions of the Southern Milky Way where the background contamination presented a major problem to previous works. The common proper motion (PM) method was used--we inspected the area around 167 known HPM (>=200 mas/yr) stars: 67 in the disk and 100 in the bulge. Multi-epoch images were provided by 2MASS and the VISTA Variables in Via Lactea (VVV). The VVV is a new on-going ZYJHKs plus multi-epoch Ks survey o…
Effects of a French remedial program on pupils’ educational outcomes
2018
International audience; Few studies have examined the French “Networks for Specialized Assistance to Pupils in Difficulty” (Rased). In this article, we evaluate the impact of receiving Rased services in the first year of primary schooling on academic success. Using data from a national panel study, we find inconsistency in student selection within Rased. Using matching methods, our results reveal that pupils who benefited from the program school have a higher probability of grade repetition and obtain significantly lower scores on the third grade national assessment, particularly in mathematics, compared to pupils with similar characteristics who did not take part in the program. This impac…
‘Back Door Sentencing’ in Italy: Common Reasons and Main Consequences for the Recall of Prisoners
2012
Italian law only provides the general conditions for the institution of recall. It follows that significant discretionary powers are enjoyed by the surveillance judges (and in particular by the Surveillance Tribunal) who evaluate on a case-by-case basis whether the commission of another offence or the infringement of parole conditions demonstrate the offenders' negative attitude to reintegrate into society. However, especially with reference to the commission of serious crimes, the judges' discretionary assessment can result in a restrictive application of the law on recall with the consequence that parolees are returned to prison even when they commit minor violations. The Italian peniten…
Limits in medical care and social relief during the Spanish Civil War in a rear-guard city: the inclusa of the provincial hospital of Valencia.
2016
Due to its geostrategic condition during the Spanish Civil War, Valencia became one of the Republican cities welcoming more refugees, including many children. In this scenario of demographic and health crisis, the town had to restructure the assistance network in order to accommodate thousands of displaced children, who often had their relatives in faraway places. The paper focuses in the progressive rehabilitation undertaken by the Inclusa of Valencia, which was the provincial foundling hospital. This included deep changes both in its operation and in the admission criteria, particularly following the transfer of the Inclusa of Madrid to Valencia. The resulting overcrowding encouraged the …
Analysis of Predisposing Factors for Rapid Dental Calculus Formation.
2020
Background: Calculus accumulation varies widely between individuals. Dental calculus has been associated with the principal periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze individual characteristics, and salivary and microbiological parameters among patients considered to be rapid calculus formers and patients who form calculus slowly. Methods: Individual characteristics were recorded in a sample of 74 patients (age, sex, smoking, periodontal diagnosis, and dental crowding), as well as salivary parameters (unstimulated saliva flow, pH, and biochemical analysis of saliva) and microbiological parameters (by means of semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis). Resul…
Fiscal policy discretion, private spending and crises episodes
2011
In this paper, we assess the impact of fiscal policy discretion on economic activity in the short and medium-term. Using a panel of 132 countries from 1960 to 2008, we find that fiscal policy discretion provides a net stimulus to the economy in the short-run and crowding-in effects are amplified once crisis episodes are controlled for– in particular, banking crises - giving a great scope for fiscal policy stimulus packages. However, crowding-out effects take over in the long-run – especially, in the case of debt crises -, in line with the concerns about long-term debt sustainability.
Fiscal Policy Discretion, Private Spending, and Crisis Episodes
2011
In this paper, we assess the impact of fiscal policy discretion on economic activity in the short and medium-term. Using a panel of 132 countries from 1960 to 2008, we find that fiscal policy discretion provides a net stimulus to the economy in the short-run and crowding-in effects are amplified once crisis episodes are controlled for– in particular, banking crises - giving a great scope for fiscal policy stimulus packages. However, crowding-out effects take over in the long-run – especially, in the case of debt crises -, in line with the concerns about long-term debt sustainability.