Search results for "Crowds"
showing 10 items of 107 documents
Crowdsourcing Fundamentals: Definition and Typology
2015
Crowdsourcing is a problem-solving and task realization model that is being increasingly used. Thanks to the possibility of harnessing the collective intelligence from the Internet; thanks to the crowdsourcing initiatives people can, for example, find a solution to a complex chemical problem, get images tagged, or get a logo designed. Due to its success and usefulness, more and more researchers have focused their interest on this concept. This fact has shown that the concept of crowdsourcing has no clear boundaries, and although over time the concept has been better explained, some authors describe it differently, propose different types of crowdsourcing initiatives, or even use contradicto…
Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY) : conceptualizing a transdisciplinary framework for citizen science addressing hydrological challenges
2021
Widely available digital technologies are empowering citizens who are increasingly well informed and involved in numerous water, climate, and environmental challenges. Citizen science can serve many different purposes, from the "pleasure of doing science" to complementing observations, increasing scientific literacy, and supporting collaborative behaviour to solve specific water management problems. Still, procedures on how to incorporate citizens' knowledge effectively to inform policy and decision-making are lagging behind. Moreover, general conceptual frameworks are unavailable, preventing the widespread uptake of citizen science approaches for more participatory cross-sectorial water go…
Big Data in Emergency Management: Exploitation Techniques for Social and Mobile Data
2020
The Internet of Things, crowdsourcing, social media, public authorities, and other sources generate bigger and bigger data sets. Big and open data offers many benefits for emergency management, but also pose new challenges. This chapter will review the sources of big data and their characteristics. We then discuss potential benefits of big data for emergency management along with the technological and societal challenges it poses. We review central technologies for big-data storage and processing in general, before presenting the Spark big-data engine in more detail. Finally, we review ethical and societal threats that big data pose.
Technoscientific Citizenship in Citizen Science. Assembling Crowds for Biomedical Research
2020
This chapter explores “citizen science” as a contemporary variant of participatory citizenship. It analyzes how two biomedical online citizen science projects address potential participants. What does it mean to enact citizenship in these citizen science projects according to the self-descriptions of the projects? How do their web interfaces regulate participation?
Individual Differences Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Age, Gender, Personality, and Positive Psychology
2021
Research on individual differences in facing the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be crucial in order to design diverse and highly effective intervention strategies. This study uses a sample of 302 North American participants who were recruited through the crowdsourcing platform ProA; different profiles were established, profiling variables of interest in facing the COVID-19 outbreak. Socio-demographic and psychological (personality traits, gratitude, life purpose, and religiosity) variables were explored. These results are of interest if we want to deepen the study of individual differences at both a theoretical and applied level.
“Splendid Isolation”: embracing islandness in a global pandemic
2022
Islandness is often considered to be a disadvantage. However, it has helped the residents of islands to delay, deter, and, in some cases, totally insulate themselves from COVID-19. While islanders have been quick to lock themselves down, this has had a tremendous impact on their connectivity and on tourism, which in many cases is their major economic sector. Yet, the association of islands with being safe, “COVID-19 free” zones has helped these spaces to be among the first destinations to restart the tourism economy once travel restrictions were lifted. After several weeks of lockdown, and with the COVID-19 threat still looming, social distancing remained the norm. Travellers we…
Fostering university-industry collaborations through university teaching
2019
Unversity-industry links and their impact on innovation processes have been widely acknowledged. However, previous studies have mainly examined university-industry knowledge transfer activities from the perspective of the research and third stream missions. This paper goes a step further, analysing such processes from the perspective of the university’s teaching mission. More specifically, it explores how educational crowdsourcing platforms help bring universities and industry together to develop joint activities in undergraduate and graduate programmes. Nine platforms with different business models were examined. A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted to manually collect and analys…
Crowd Models for Emergency Evacuation: A Review Targeting Human-Centered Sensing
2013
Emergency evacuation of crowds is a fascinating phenomenon that has attracted researchers from various fields. Better understanding of this class of crowd behavior opens up for improving evacuation policies and smarter design of buildings, increasing safety. Recently, a new class of disruptive technology has appeared: Human-centered sensing which allows crowd behavior to be monitored in real-time, and provides the basis for real-time crowd control. The question then becomes: to what degree can previous crowd models incorporate this development, and what areas need further research? In this paper, we provide a survey that describes some widely used crowd models and discuss their advantages a…
Pilsoņu likumdošanas digitālās platformas ManaBalss.lv izvērtējums
2018
Bakalaura darba temats ir “Pilsoņu likumdošanas digitālās platformas ManaBalss.lv izvērtējums”. Autors ar šī pētījuma mērķi vēlas noskaidrot, kāds ir bijis iemesls šādas kolektīvās inteliģences platformas izveidei un to, vai platforma ir sasniegusi savu dibināšanas mērķi. Darba gaitā tika noskaidrots, kas ir kolektīvā inteliģence un tās sniegtās iespējas. Ar interviju palīdzību, tika veikts ManaBalss.lv platformas izvērtējums – tās mērķis, vai mērķis ir sasniegts, vai platforma veicina pilsoņu līdzdalību demokrātiskajos procesos. Darba gaitā izvirzītā hipotēze apstiprinājās – kolektīvās inteliģences platforma ManaBalss.lv ir sasniegusi savus mērķus.
The Need of Co-utility for Successful Crowdsourcing
2017
Technological development has promoted the rise and use of the collective intelligence through Internet. To efficiently handle this collective intelligence, several processes have naturally emerged. Crowdsourcing is one of them. By using crowdsourcing, the undertaking of a task can be proposed by a person or organization to the crowd that composes Internet. Although these proposed tasks could vary in their requirements for successful accomplishment, any crowdsourcing initiative always includes different benefits for the promoters of the initiatives and one or more rewards for each person of the crowd. These rewards play a key role because their evaluation by the crowd will condition the num…