Search results for "Cultural evolution"
showing 10 items of 87 documents
Finnish students' multiliteracy profiles
2004
Finnish students' multiliteracy profiles are examined from the perspectives of both traditional printed reading and Internet activities in the light of the data collected as a national option integrated into the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 study. After reciting some previous findings on reader profiles as revealed by the initial international analyses of PISA data, the perspective is widened to encompass multiliteracy, which is defined according to the sociocultural view. Based on responses to a survey questionnaire, students were grouped by cluster analysis into six distinct clusters according to the frequency with which they read diverse printed materials an…
Inferring Learning Strategies from Cultural Frequency Data
2015
Social learning has been identified as one of the fundamentals of culture and therefore the understanding of why and how individuals use social information presents one of the big questions in cultural evolution. To date much of the theoretical work on social learning has been done in isolation of data. Evolutionary models often provide important insight into which social learning strategies are expected to have evolved but cannot tell us which strategies human populations actually use. In this chapter we explore how much information about the underlying learning strategies can be extracted by analysing the temporal occurrence or usage patterns of different cultural variants in a population…
Do Social Chemophobic Attitudes Influence the Opinions of Secondary School Students?
2021
For some time now, chemistry has not had a good reputation in society. The population identifies this discipline with industries and pollution, while its positive contributions are usually ignored. This fear of chemistry may affect the opinion of society toward not only science, but also the scientific work itself. To assess the prevalence of this social phenomenon among them, a group of 351 preuniversity students was surveyed and the answers provided were analyzed based on their characteristics (age, sex, and location). The results support the usefulness of the developed questionnaire and show that there already exists a tendency to reject everything “containing chemicals” or that “is not …
Empathy in Technology Design and Graffiti
2021
This paper discusses empathic understanding, what it means, and how it can be acquired. After an overview of some theories and models from the existing literature, two experiments are presented, where participants were assessing graffiti works. From the results of these experiments, it can be concluded that empathic understanding involves both embodied processes and abstract inferences. Furthermore, understanding can be based on perceived, mechanistic bodily similarities and movements or on folk-psychological inferences mentalized between the observer/empathizer and an object/empathized. Empathic understanding it can also be gained by recognizing and implementing learned bodily skills and c…
Animacja społeczno-kulturalna w działaniu. Refleksja praktyka z perspektywy ćwierćwiecza
2019
Artykuł omawia cywilizacyjny kontekst powstania animacji społeczno-kulturalnej i jej dawne uwarunkowania, wskazując na rozwój jej zadań i funkcji. Animacja to dziejąca się zmiana w grupach i społecznościach lokalnych, będąca nerwem demokracji i społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Artykuł kończy uzasadnienie jej potrzeby w skomplikowanej sytuacji funkcjonowania człowieka w zglobalizowanym świecie.
What is effective pedagogy for multilingual learners? Observations of teaching that challenges inequity-the OPETAN project in England
2020
There is little empirical evidence regarding how best to prepare general education teachers for the challenge of supporting multilingual learners. This is both regarding helping learners develop the language of schooling, and achieving academic success (Faltis & Valdés, 2016). Similarly, little is known about what in-service teachers should know, and what pedagogical perspective they should adopt, to achieve these aims (Faltis & Valdés, 2016; Takanishi & Le Menestrel, 2017). However, there is a promising line of research that proposes an observation tool to evaluate classroom pedagogy: ‘The Standards for Effective Pedagogy’ (the ‘Standards’ 2014; Teemant, 2015). The OPETAN project (Observat…
Victims of Racket: Entrepreneurs and Traders Dealing with Cosa Nostra, Ndrangheta, and Camorra
2015
This work proposes research on a still unexplored psychical world: thoughts, emotions, and real events experienced by racket victims of the three largest criminal organizations of the South of Italy: Mafia, Camorra, and Ndrangheta. The purpose is to understand the multifaceted psycho-anthropological and social issues criminal organizations have settled on, and particularly which psycho-relational dynamics and sociocultural codes come into play in the complex and controversial relationship between victim and criminal system, between victim and support systems. With entrepreneurs and tradesmen victims of organized crime, we have analyzed lived experiences - in particular fear - and psychologi…
Cultural Competences of International Students: Its Role on Successful Sociocultural and Psychological Adaptation
2014
This chapter addresses the study of cultural competences involved in the successful adaptation of a particular group of migrants: international students. Cultural competences are skills that people display when facing cultural diversity and have been found to predict job performance and academic achievement of those who have to interact in different contexts other than their own. This chapter aims to respond three questions that students consider when studying abroad: ‘What should I do to have a successful life?’, ‘How prepared are members of the host culture to receive me?’, and, ‘Who are the most successful international students?’ The first segment introduces the role of acculturative st…
Gender, Translation, and Censorship
2019
After the “cultural turn” in the 1980s, translation was redefined as a cultural transfer rather than a linguistic transposition. Key translation concepts were revised, including equivalence, correction, and fidelity. Feminist approaches to translation emerged, for example, the recovery of texts lost in patriarchy. Following the death of Franco and the transition to democracy, Spain initiated a cultural expansion. The advent of the Franco regime after the civil war (1936-1939) resulted in years of cultural involution and the abolition of rights for women attained during the Spanish Second Republic (1931-1939). Severe censoring prevented the publication of literature—both native and foreign (…
Factores Asociados al Consumo Juvenil de Alcohol: Una Revisión desde una Perspectiva Psicosocial y Ecológica
2011
ResumenEl consumo abusivo de alcohol en la adolescencia es, en el momento actual, un importante problema de salud pública, hasta el punto de que su prevención se ha convertido en una de las prioridades en las políticas de salud. También, y en el ámbito de la intervención social, se ha venido estudiando, en los últimos años, los factores psicosociales implicados en ese consumo. En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo una revisión de esos factores en el marco de la perspectiva ecológica, en la que se integran las variables psicológicas, relacionales y socioculturales. El consumo de alcohol es analizado como parte integrante de la cultura juvenil, despojando la explicación de contenidos patolog…