Search results for "Cytokines"
showing 10 items of 845 documents
Bone marrow cell transcripts from Fanconi anaemia patients revealin vivoalterations in mitochondrial, redox and DNA repair pathways
2013
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic cancer predisposition disorder associated with cytogenetic instability, bone marrow failure and a pleiotropic cellular phenotype, including low thresholds of responses to oxidative stress, cross-linking agents and selected cytokines. This study was aimed at defining the scope of abnormalities in gene expression using the publicly available FA Transcriptome Consortium (FTC) database (Gene Expression Omnibus, 2009 and publicly available as GSE16334). We evaluated the data set that included transcriptomal analyses on RNA obtained from low-density bone marrow cells (BMC) from 20 patients with FA and 11 healthy volunteers, by seeking to identify changes in expre…
Molecular basis of endothelial dysfunction in sepsis.
2003
Sepsis is one of the major causes of mortality in critically ill patients and develops as a result of the host response to infection. A complex network of events is set into motion in the body by the infection and results in the pathogenesis of sepsis. This review article focuses on the molecular mechanisms and components involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis with a major emphasis on the endothelium. This includes sepsis-inducing bacterial components (e.g. endotoxins), cellular targets of these molecules and their responses, host reactions, intracellular and cytokine networks, individual susceptibility and new therapeutic targets in sepsis treatment.
Systemic Immune Responses in Alzheimer's Disease: In Vitro Mononuclear Cell Activation and Cytokine Production
2010
To investigate the systemic signs of immune-inflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD), in the present study we have analyzed blood lymphocyte subsets and the expression of activation markers on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AD patients and age-matched healthy controls (HC) activated in vitro by recombinant amyloid-beta peptide (rAbeta42). Our study of AD lymphocyte subpopulations confirms the already described decrease of the absolute number and percentage of B cells when compared to HC lymphocytes, whereas the other subsets are not significantly different in patients and controls. We report the increased expression of the activation marker CD69 and of the chemoki…
Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD8 T-Cells in Patients with Active Tuberculosis and in Individuals with Latent Infection
2009
CD8 T-cells contribute to control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but little is known about the quality of the CD8 T-cell response in subjects with latent infection and in patients with active tuberculosis disease. CD8 T-cells recognizing epitopes from 6 different proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected by tetramer staining. Intracellular cytokines staining for specific production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 was performed, complemented by phenotyping of memory markers on antigen-specific CD8 T-cells. The ex-vivo frequencies of tetramer-specific CD8 T-cells in tuberculous patients before therapy were lower than in subjects with latent infection, but increased at four months a…
Silibinin improves hepatic and myocardial injury in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
2012
Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic metabolic disorder with significant impact on cardiovascular and liver mortality. Aims In this study, we examined the effects of silibinin on liver and myocardium injury in an experimental model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods A four-week daily dose of silibinin (20 mg/kg i.p.) was administrated to db/db mice fed a methionine–choline deficient diet. Hepatic and myocardial histology, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Results Silibinin administration decreased HOMA-IR, serum ALT and markedly improved hepatic and myocardial damage. Silibinin reduced isoprostanes, 8-deoxyguanosine and nitrit…
Impact of pathogen burden in patients with coronary artery disease in relation to systemic inflammation and variation in genes encoding cytokines.
2003
The number of infectious pathogens to which an individual has been exposed (pathogen burden) has been linked to the development and the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The interaction among infection, genetic host susceptibility, and CAD remains unclear. This study was aimed at evaluating the modulation of the association between CAD and pathogen burden, by serum levels of inflammatory markers and polymorphisms of the interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha genes. Immmunoglobulin (Ig) G or IgA antibodies to 8 pathogens were determined in 991 patients with CAD and 333 control subjects. Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, IL-6, and TNF…
Prevalence and prognostic implications of active cytomegalovirus infection in patients with acute heart failure
2010
AHF (acute heart failure) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have postulated that the expression of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, plays an important role in the development and progression of heart failure. A pro-inflammatory state has been postulated as a key factor in triggering CMV (cytomegalovirus) reactivation. Therefore we sought to determine the prevalence of active CMV infection in immunocompetent patients admitted for AHF and to quantify the association with the risk of the combined end point of death or AHF readmission. A total of 132 consecutive patients admitted for AHF were enrolled in the present study. Plasma CMV DNAaemia wa…
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activation in the rat hippocampus
2019
AbstractRecently we found that acute treatment with Oxotremorine (Oxo), a non-selective mAChRs agonist, up-regulates heat shock proteins and activates their transcription factor heat shock factor 1 in the rat hippocampus. Here we aimed to investigate: a) if acute treatment with Oxo may regulate pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus; b) if chronic restraint stress (CRS) induces inflammatory or oxidative alterations in the hippocampus and whether such alterations may be affected by chronic treatment with Oxo. In the acute experiment, rats were injected with single dose of Oxo (0.4 mg/kg) and sacrificed at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. In the CRS ex…
Nutritional Status and Selected Adipokines in Children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
2022
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and serum concentrations of adipokines in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. We also sought to evaluate their relation to metabolic parameters. Methods: We studied 33 IBS patients (11 girls, 22 boys) aged 5–17 years and 30 healthy age-matched controls (11 girls, 19 boys). The analysis included anthropometric measurements, body composition parameter measurements using bioimpedance, and biochemical tests and measurements of serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, and omentin-1. Results: The results of the anthropometric measurements were comparable between the patients and the…
Inflammation-Induced Alteration of Astrocyte Mitochondrial Dynamics Requires Autophagy for Mitochondrial Network Maintenance
2013
Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in the metabolic signature of astrocytes underlie their response to neuroinflammation, but how proinflammatory stimuli induce these changes is poorly understood. By monitoring astrocytes following acute cortical injury, we identified a differential and region-specific remodeling of their mitochondrial network: while astrocytes within the penumbra of the lesion undergo mitochondrial elongation, those located in the core-the area invaded by proinflammatory cells-experience transient mitochondrial fragmentation. In brain slices, proinflammatory stimuli reproduced localized changes in mitochondrial dynamics, favoring fission over fusion. This effect w…