Search results for "DDE"

Functional roles of the sweet taste receptor in oral and extraoral tissues

2014

International audience; Purpose of review: This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge about the physiological roles of the sweet taste receptor in oral and extraoral tissues. Recent findings: The expression of a functional sweet taste receptor has been reported in numerous extragustatory tissues, including the gut, pancreas, bladder, brain and, more recently, bone and adipose tissues. In the gut, this receptor has been suggested to be involved in luminal glucose sensing, the release of some satiety hormones, the expression of glucose transporters, and the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. More recently, the sweet taste receptor was proposed to regulate adipogenesis and bon…

Bladder augmentation using bowel segments (enterocystoplasty)

2012

Long-term outcome after urinary diversion using the ileocecal segment in children and adolescents: Complications of the efferent segment.

2016

Long-term outcomes are of special concern in children after urinary diversion. In a single institution study we evaluated retrospectively the long-term outcomes of urinary diversion in children, in whom the ileocecal segment had been used, in respect to complications of the efferent segment.The Mainz pouch was used in 107 children for continent urinary diversion. Indications were neurogenic bladder (53%, 57/107), exstrophy-epispadias complex (25%, 27/107), malignancy (13%, 14/107), and others (9%, 9/107). Continent cutaneous diversion was performed in 95 patients, and 12 patients received bladder augmentation/substitution with a continent cutaneous stoma. As efferent segment, we used the in…

Radical Cystectomy - Often Too Late?

1987

From 1967 to 1985, 246 cystectomies for treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were performed. Perioperative mortality decreased from 15% in the early years to 0% in 1985. Preoperative radiotherapy was not given. Patients who underwent cystectomy immediately following the diagnosis of invasive bladder carcinoma had a significantly better prognosis than those having cystectomy after recurrence of a transurethrally resected invasive carcinoma in spite of identical G and T criteria. A total of 26 patients who were cystectomized because of tumor recurrence after definitive radiotherapy (salvage cystectomy) represented the group with the worst prognosis: they had a 5-yea…

Localization of the bradykinin B2 receptor in uterus, bladder and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells

1997

Kinins are biologically active peptides that act through specific receptors, B1 and B2. Here we describe the localization of the bradykinin B2 receptor in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and in the uterus and urinary bladder of rat or human origin. We discuss the suitability of anti-peptide antibodies to assess the tissue distribution of bradykinin B2 receptors.

Where will the next generation of medical treatments for overactive bladder syndrome come from?

2020

This review article discusses the medical need for improved medical treatments of overactive bladder syndrome, and the hurdles and research required to address that need. Currently, few overactive bladder syndrome patients stay on long-term treatment, largely because efficacy expectations are not met, and tolerability is considered insufficient for the chronic treatment of a non-life-threatening condition. Therefore, a medical need exists for improved tolerability and, even more importantly, improved efficacy. It is unlikely that major improvements of efficacy and tolerability can be achieved within the currently approved drug classes. Work in experimental animals suggests that many causes …

Lymphadenectomy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder; significance for staging and prognosis

2001

Objective  To determine the need to standardize the number and location of lymph nodes to be removed during radical cystectomy in patients with invasive bladder carcinoma. Patients and methods  The pelvic lymph nodes from 447 patients (mean age 62.8 years) who underwent radical cystectomy between 1986 and 1997 were evaluated. The number of lymph nodes was correlated with the depth of invasion of the primary tumour (pT), occurrence of nodal metastases, clinical outcome, the operating surgeons and the pathologists dissecting the nodes. Results  The clinical follow-up was available for 302 patients (mean follow-up 38.7 months). The mean (range) number of lymph nodes removed was 14.7 (1–46). Th…

ORTHOTOPIC BLADDER SUBSTITUTION IN WOMEN: FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION

1999

AbstractPurpose: Orthotopic bladder substitution following cystectomy in women has recently been introduced at some specialized centers. Studies of such a procedure should consider the oncological and functional outcomes. We analyzed only the functional results of orthotopic bladder substitution since followup is too short (about 2 years) for a valid oncological assessment.Materials and Methods: From October 1994 to November 1997, 60 women with a mean age of 48.3 years underwent standard radical cystectomy and orthotopic diversion (ileal W-neobladder with subserous tunnel in 47 and hemi-Kock reservoir in 13). The oncological criterion was organ confined invasive bladder cancer.Results: Ther…

Intravesical Treatment of Superficial Urinary Bladder Tumours with Adriamycin

1980

Personal experience resulted in the observation that intravesical Adriamycin (ADM) is effective in some patients with multiple or diffuse papillary bladder tumours. A review of the literature shows that similar results have been obtained elsewhere, especially in Japan and Sweden. The response rate was higher if single doses of at least 50 mg were employed. Intravesical instillations of ADM appear to be valuable also in the treatment of carcinoma in situ and in prophylactic treatment after transurethral resection (TUR) of papillary bladder tumours.

Development of Bladder Carcinoma Following Portacaval Shunt in Rats

1987

Portacaval anastomosis (PCA) was first introduced by Eck (1877) and was investigated in a number of different animals. Lee et al. (1961; 1974) published a reliable method with low mortality in rats. The occurrence of urolithiasis in rats following portacaval anastomosis happened to be noticed by chance. It was published by Herz et al. (1972a, 1972b, 1973), who defined the portacaval shunt rat as an experimental model. Heine et al. (1979) described dysplastic and neoplastic changes of the bladder mucosa following portacaval anastomosis. His findings were confirmed by Duy et al. (1981); Grun et al. (1982), and Dubuisson et al. (1984). However, Wallace et al. (1984) found papillary hyperplasia…