Search results for "DEFICIENCY"
showing 10 items of 1071 documents
Demonstration of antibodies to the surface (anti-p41) and core proteins (anti-p24) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in individuals positive …
1987
Diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) relies on the demonstration of antibody to this virus. Occasionally, the combined analysis of sera using ELISA and western blot reveals false-positive results. We have compared a newly developed test to detect antibodies to the core (anti-p24) and surface (anti-p41) proteins of HIV with the established tests described above. Anti-p24 and anti-p41 were negative in three individuals positive for anti-HIV by ELISA and immunoblot; they had a low risk to acquire HIV infection and were clinically and immunologically normal and suspected false positive previously. In 62 individuals at risk, anti-p41 was always positive while anti-p…
Where are patients missed in the tuberculosis diagnostic cascade? A prospective cohort study in Ghana.
2020
BackgroundGhana's national prevalence survey showed higher than expected tuberculosis (TB) prevalence, indicating that many people with TB are not identified and treated. This study aimed to identify gaps in the TB diagnostic cascade prior to starting treatment.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in urban and rural health facilities in south-east Ghana. Consecutive patients routinely identified as needing a TB test were followed up for two months to find out if sputum was submitted and/or treatment started. The causal effect of health facility location on submitting sputum was assessed before risk factors were investigated using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 428 persons …
Different neighborhood walkability indexes for active commuting to school are necessary for urban and rural children and adolescents
2020
This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund [grant no. DEP2016-75598-R, MINECO/FEDER, UE]. Additionally, this study takes place thanks to the funding from the University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016 -Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES) -and the Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidades, European Regional Development Fund [grant no. SOMM17/6107/UGR]. The funding body had no role in the study design or collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data or in writing the manuscript.
Drug resistance is widespread among children who receive long-term antiretroviral treatment at a rural Tanzanian hospital
2010
Published version of an article from the journal: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Also available from the publisher: htttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkq234 Objectives: To assess long-term virological efficacy and the emergence of drug resistance in children who receive antiretroviral treatment (ART) in rural Tanzania. Patients and methods: Haydom Lutheran Hospital has provided ART to HIV-infected individuals since 2003. From February through May 2009, a cross-sectional virological efficacy survey was conducted among children (, 15 years) who had completed >= 6 months of first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based ART. Genotypic resistance was determined in …
Compensatory IgM to the Rescue: Patients with Selective IgA Deficiency Have Increased Natural IgM Antibodies to MAA-LDL and No Changes in Oral Microb…
2021
Abstract IgA is the most abundant Ab in the human body. However, most patients with selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) are asymptomatic. IgM, and to lesser extent IgG Abs, are generally presumed to compensate for the lack of IgA in SIgAD by multiplying and adopting functions of IgA. We used data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 to investigate whether SIgAD patients have differences in levels of natural Abs to oxidized epitopes compared with 20 randomly selected healthy controls. First, we screened the saliva and serum samples from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 cohort (n = 1610) for IgA concentration. We detected five IgA-deficient subjects, yielding a prevalence of 0.3%, w…
Linking C5 deficiency to an exonic splicing enhancer mutation
2005
Abstract As an important component of the innate immune system, complement provides the initial response to prevent infections by pathogenic microorganisms. Patients with dysfunction of C5 display a propensity for severe recurrent infections. In this study, we present a patient with C5 deficiency demonstrated by immunochemical and functional analyses. Direct sequencing of all C5 exons displayed no mutation of obvious functional significance, except for an A to G transition in exon 10 predicting an exchange from lysine to arginine. This sequence alteration was present in only one allele of family members with a reduced serum C5 concentration and in both alleles of the patient with almost com…
Molecular, genetic, and functional analysis of homozygous C8 beta-chain deficiency in two siblings.
1998
Abstract C8 deficiency is associated with an increased susceptibility to neisserial infections. We present a case of an 11 year old boy who suffered from infection with Neisseria meningitidis . Medical history of the patient and his family ( n = 5) did not indicate any previous immunodeficiency symptoms. Results from the analysis of phagocyte and lymphocyte functions were within the normal range. No hemolytic activities of the classical (CH50) and the alternative (APH50) pathways of complement were measurable, and SC5b-9 protein complexes could not be detected in the patient's plasma. Further analysis by highly sensitive ELISA and functional assays revealed a complete deficiency of C8. Upon…
Genotypic resistance profiles associated with virological failure to darunavir-containing regimens: a cross-sectional analysis.
2012
Introduction: This study aimed at defining protease (PR) resistance mutations associated with darunavir (DRV) failure and PR resistance evolution at DRV failure in a large database of treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Results: Overall, 1,104 patients were included: 118 (10.7%) failed at a median observation time of 16 months. The mean number of PR mutations at baseline was 2.7, but it was higher in patients who subsequently failed DRV. In addition, the number of PR mutations increased at failure. The increase in the mean number of mutations was completely related to mutations considered to be associated with DRV resistance following the indications of the ma…
Changes in myocardial iron content following administration of intravenous iron (Myocardial‐IRON): Study design
2018
Treatment with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) has been shown to improve symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency. However, the underlying mechanisms for these beneficial effects remain undetermined. The aim of this study is to quantify cardiac magnetic resonance changes in myocardial iron content after administration of intravenous FCM in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency and contrast them with parameters of heart failure severity. This is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. Fifty patients with stable symptomatic heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, and iron deficiency will be r…
Olfactory discrimination ability and brain expression of c-fos, Gir and Glut1 mRNA are altered in n-3 fatty acid-depleted rats
2007
Abstract The long-chain polyunsaturated n − 3 fatty acids ( n − 3 PUFA), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are abundantly present in the central nervous system and play an important role in cognitive functions such as learning and memory. We, therefore, investigated the effects of n − 3 PUFA-depletion in rats (F2 generation) on the learning of an olfactory discrimination task, progressively acquired within a four-arm maze, and on the mRNA expression of some candidate genes, i.e., c-fos, Gir and glucose transporter (Glut1), which could reflect the level of cerebral activity. We observed that DHA contents were dramatically decreased in the olfactory bulb, the piriform cortex and the…