Search results for "DEMO"
showing 10 items of 5544 documents
Active commuting to school among 36,781 Spanish children and adolescents: A temporal trend study.
2021
This study examines trends in the rates of active commuting to school (ACS) in Spanish children (n = 18 343; 8.93 ± 1.68) and adolescents (n = 18 438; 14.11 ± 1.58) aged 6‐18 years from 2010 to 2017. Given the study period included the economic crisis in Spain (2008‐2013), the second aim of this study was to compare ACS rates during and after the economic crisis. Data were obtained from 28 studies conducted across Spain. The overall trends in ACS were evaluated using multilevel logistic regression analysis. Among Spanish children and adolescents, the rates of ACS to school ranged around 60% between 2010 and 2017. The rates of ACS in Spanish youth did not change significantly during the 2010…
Depressive symptoms and long-term income: The Young Finns Study
2016
Abstract Background Higher depressive symptoms have been associated with lower future income. However, studies examining this issue have had limited follow-up times and have used self-reported measures of income. Also, possible confounders or mediators have not been accounted. Methods 971 women and 738 men were selected from the ongoing prospective Young Finns Study (YFS) that began in 1980. Depressive symptoms were measured in 1992 when participants were from 15 to 30 years old. Information on annual income and earnings from 1993 to 2010 were obtained from the Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data (FLEED) of Statistics Finland and linked to the YFS. Results Higher depressive symptoms…
Income and Physical Activity among Adults: Evidence from Self-Reported and Pedometer-Based Physical Activity Measurements
2015
This study examined the relationship between income and physical activity by using three measures to illustrate daily physical activity: the self-reported physical activity index for leisure-time physical activity, pedometer-based total steps for overall daily physical activity, and pedometer-based aerobic steps that reflect continuous steps for more than 10 min at a time. The study population consisted of 753 adults from Finland (mean age 41.7 years; 64% women) who participated in 2011 in the follow-up of the ongoing Young Finns study. Ordinary least squares models were used to evaluate the associations between income and physical activity. The consistency of the results was explored by us…
Alternative measures of body composition and wage premium: New evidence from Indonesia
2019
This paper examines the relationship between body composition and earnings in a developing country setting. We use body mass index, waist circumference and hip circumference. Exploiting the panel structure of our longitudinal survey, we find that along with BMI, waist circumference is related to higher earnings in Indonesia. peerReviewed
Is personality related to permanent earnings? Evidence using a twin design
2018
Using twin survey combined with register-based panel data on labor market outcomes, the authors examine the association between personality characteristics and long-term earnings among prime working-age individuals. The long-term earnings were measured over the 1990–2008 period. The sample contains 4,642 twin pairs, of which 53% are females. In contrast to previous studies, this paper uses the within-twin dimension of the data to control for shared family background and confounding genetic factors. The results suggest that unobserved genetic differences may introduce omitted variable bias in standard ordinary least square results. After controlling for shared environment and genetic backgro…
The Effects of Consumer Demographics and Payment Method Preference on Product Return Frequency and Reasons in Online Shopping
2021
In online shopping, product returns are very common. In order to reduce them, one must first understand who are making them and why are they being made. In this study, we aim to address these questions by examining product return behaviour from a consumer-centric rather than the more traditional product-centric, retailer-centric, and order-centric perspectives. More specifically, we focus on the effects of four demographic characteristics of consumers (i.e., gender, age, education, and income) as well as their payment method preference on their product return frequency and product return reasons. As the data, we use the responses from 560 Finnish online consumers, which were collected with …
Obywatelska inicjatywa ustawodawcza we Włoszech
2019
System demokratyczny daje obywatelom możliwość uczestniczenia w życiu publicznym na różnych płaszczyznach. Inicjatywa ludowa, jako narzędzie demokracji bezpośredniej, pozwala ogółowi obywateli podejmować decyzje państwowe w sposób bezpośredni. Włosi uzyskali wraz z nową konstytucją, która weszła w życie 22 grudnia 1947 r. Ponadto konstytucja zagwarantowała prawa obywatelskie, rozbudowała kompetencje samorządu terytorialnego, zinstytucjonalizowała rolę partii politycznych, czy wprowadziła instytucję Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Propozycję projektu inicjatywy ludowej może złożyć grupa 50.000 obywateli. Niemniej jednak autorami propozycji ustawodawczej mogą być jedynie obywatele Włoch figurujący…
Do Older Employees Suffer More from Work Intensification and Other Intensified Job Demands? Evidence from Upper White-Collar Workers
2019
Background: Working life today is characterized by acceleration and intensification due to social, and particularly technological, acceleration affecting the whole of society. These phenomena also affect working life by intensifying job demands, possibly imposing new job stressors on the workforce. At the same time workforce is aging, raising a question how older employees manage to cope with these work life changes. Methods: This study examined intensified job demands and their effects on occupational well-being from the age perspective utilizing Finnish survey data from upper white-collar workers (N = 2,200). Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and hierarchical reg…
Perheeseen liittyvien demograafisten taustatekijöiden yhteys lapsen työskentelytapoihin ensimmäisellä luokalla
2013
Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää miten perheen demograafiset taustatekijät, kuten perheen perhemuoto, sisarusten olemassa olo, vanhempien koulutustausta ja työtilanne ovat yhteydessä lapsen työskentelytapoihin ja niiden kehitykseen ensimmäisen kouluvuoden aikana. Lisäksi oltiin kiinnostuneita siitä, eroavatko tulokset sukupuolen mukaan. Tutkimus toteutettiin osana Vanhemmat, opettajat ja lasten oppiminen-tutkimusta (VALO; Aunola & Nurmi, 2006-2009). Tutkittavina olivat 152 (79 tyttöä ja 73 poikaa) ensimmäisen luokan oppilasta sekä heidän vanhempansa ja opettajansa kolmen keskisuuren kaupungin alueelta Suomessa. Aineisto kerättiin kolmena eri vuotena käyttäen kolmea eri kohorttia.…
Intra-EU Mobility: The Employment and Welfare Experience of Temporary EU Workers in the United Kingdom
2021
This article explores the mobility pathways of temporary EU workers and the implications that transnational temporary mobility has on their labor market outcomes and access to social rights and benefits. The experiences of temporary EU migrants working in the UK show that despite the narrative of the borderlessness of the common European labor market, access to host countries’ labor market and welfare is shaped by their employment status and welfare eligibility criteria that produce worker precariousness. Temporary EU workers’ experiences are characterized by employment insecurity and unequal access to labor and social rights, effects which might increase since the UK has left the EU.