Search results for "DEMOGRAPHY"

Age-related decrease in male reproductive success and song quality in Drosophila montana

2007

In the present paper, we have studied the effects of aging on male reproductive success and song quality in Drosophila montana .W e analyzed the reproductive success of wild-caught males at their normal breeding age during the mating season and after maintaining the males in laboratory from 1 to 5 months. In line with the mutation accumulation theory of aging, none of the factors affecting the reproductive success of wild-caught males during the mating season were related to male longevity. However, mating activity and progeny production of the males decreased with male age. Interestingly, there was no significant variation in progeny production between males at their normal breeding age, w…

Association between Opioid Receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) Gene Polymorphisms and Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption in a Spanish Population.

2015

Evidence gained from animals and humans suggests that the encephalic opioid system might be involved in the development of drug addiction through its role in reward. Our aim is to assess the influence of genetic variations in the opioid receptor mu 1 on alcohol and tobacco consumption in a Spanish population. 763 unrelated individuals (465 women, 298 men) aged 18-85 years were recruited between October 2011 and April 2012. Participants were requested to answer a 35-item questionnaire on tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as to complete the AUDIT and Fagerström tests. Individuals were genotyped for three polymorphisms in the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) gene, using a TaqMan® protocol. …

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2020

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)

Early Parental Death and Risk of Psychosis in Offspring: A Six-Country Case-Control Study

2019

Evidence for early parental death as a risk factor for psychosis in offspring is inconclusive. We analyzed data from a six-country, case-control study to examine the associations of early parental death, type of death (maternal, paternal, both), and child’s age at death with psychosis, both overall and by ethnic group. In fully adjusted multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models, experiencing early parental death was associated with 1.54-fold greater odds of psychosis (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23, 1.92). Experiencing maternal death had 2.27-fold greater odds (95% CI: 1.18, 4.37), paternal death had 1.14-fold greater odds (95% CI: 0.79, 1.64), and both deaths had 4.4…

The association of depression and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

2018

Background Depression is a prevalent and disabling mental disorder that frequently co-occurs with a wide range of chronic conditions. Evidence has suggested that depression could be associated with excess all-cause mortality across different settings and populations, although the causality of these associations remains unclear. Methods We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase electronic databases were searched through January 20, 2018. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that investigated associations of depression and all-cause and cause-specific mortality were selected for the review. The evidence was g…

2021

Children’s preference for fruit and vegetables must emerge during childhood. At children’s homes, mothers and fathers influence children’s developing food preferences with their own preferences and actions. The purpose of the study was to reveal the association parents have with their children’s fruit and vegetable preferences. The study was conducted in a sample of Finnish mothers and fathers of 3–5-year-old children. The participants were recruited, and questionnaires distributed through early childhood education and care centers in 2014 and 2015. The results showed considerable variance in the children’s preferences, and were more similar with their father’s, than their mother’s preferen…

Early childhood education and care for Tibetan children in the People's Republic of China: Left behind or led from behind?

2015

Early Childhood Education and Care provision has been expanded in the People’s Republic of China over the last decades. For this expansion to harmonize with young children’s rights, special measures should ensure that the system of provision guarantees the participation and inclusion of the most vulnerable citizens. With this as a focus, this article reviews and discusses the state of Early Childhood Education and Care provision for young children of Tibetan ethnicity in People’s Republic of China. The available literature and ongoing measures and plans are explored around this topic in order to identify the main issues.

Reporte de las familias sobre los patrones de actividad física extraescolar en niñas y niños de educación infantil

2016

Early childhood education is an important opportunity in order to promote healthy habits. In doing so, it has been shown that parents attitudes, values and knowledge in relationship with physical activity could be determine children´s behaviours. For this reason, the main aim of this descriptive-exploratory study is to determine the parents perception of physical activity patterns of children between 3-4 years old from a public school of Valencia, Spain. It was used a previously validated questionnaire. Only 50% of the families reported that children participated in leisure time activities outside school. Of them, 50% and 38% participated during 2 and 1 time, respectively. 60% and 22% repor…

Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors in the Promotion of Social Entrepreneurship: A Service-Learning Programme

2021

Social entrepreneurship (SE) is often presented in the literature as the key to solve many of this world’s persistent social problems. SE offers a special opportunity to address the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and to boost the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research examines the effects of Service Learning (SL) on the SE of university students and to examine whether certain sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, entrance studies, family studies, social participation, and employment situation) are associated with students’ SE competence development when applying SL. Pre-service teachers (n = 98) of the degree in early childhood education applied a physical education SL …

Directly Observed Physical Activity among 3-Year-Olds in Finnish Childcare

2014

The main purpose of the study was to determine 3-year-olds’ physical activity levels and how these vary across season, gender, time of day, location, and the physical and social environment in childcare settings in Finland. A modified version of the Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children-Preschool (OSRAC-P) was used to measure physical activity levels and contextual variables (e.g., group composition, prompts) of children attending childcare centres. In total, 81 children (42 boys and 39 girls) were observed in autumn and in winter. Three-level linear regression analyses were used to assess differences between the seasons in the association between the context vari…