Search results for "DEPTH"

showing 10 items of 408 documents

White-light imaging with fractal zone plates

2007

We report the achievement of the first images to our knowledge obtained with a fractal zone plates (FraZPs). FraZPs are diffractive lenses characterized by the fractal structure of their foci. This property predicts an improved performance of FraZPs as image forming devices with an extended depth of field and predicts a reduced chromatic aberration under white-light illumination. These theoretical predictions are confirmed experimentally in this work. We show that the polychromatic modulation transfer function of a FraZP affected by defocus is about two times better than one corresponding to a Fresnel zone plate.

DiffractionPhysicsFresnel zonebusiness.industryPhysics::OpticsZone plateAtomic and Molecular Physics and Opticslaw.inventionFractalOpticslawOptical transfer functionChromatic aberrationDepth of fieldbusinessFresnel diffractionOptics Letters
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3D printed diffractive terahertz lenses

2016

[EN] A 3D printer was used to realize custom-made diffractive THz lenses. After testing several materials, phase binary lenses with periodic and aperiodic radial profiles were designed and constructed in polyamide material to work at 0.625 THz. The nonconventional focusing properties of such lenses were assessed by computing and measuring their axial point spread function (PSF). Our results demonstrate that inexpensive 3D printed THz diffractive lenses can be reliably used in focusing and imaging THz systems. Diffractive THz lenses with unprecedented features, such as extended depth of focus or bifocalization, have been demonstrated.

DiffractionPoint spread function3d printedMaterials scienceTerahertz radiationPhase (waves)Diffractive lensesBinary optics02 engineering and technologyDiffraction efficiency01 natural sciences010309 opticsDiffractive lensOpticsImage quality assessment0103 physical sciencesDiffractive opticsExtended depth of focusbusiness.industry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsTerahertz imagingFISICA APLICADAOptical fabrication0210 nano-technologybusiness
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Depth Map Generation by Image Classification

2004

This paper presents a novel and fully automatic technique to estimate depth information from a single input image. The proposed method is based on a new image classification technique able to classify digital images (also in Bayer pattern format) as indoor, outdoor with geometric elements or outdoor without geometric elements. Using the information collected in the classification step a suitable depth map is estimated. The proposed technique is fully unsupervised and is able to generate depth map from a single view of the scene, requiring low computational resources.

Digital imageBayer filterContextual image classificationDepth mapbusiness.industryComputer scienceColor imageComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISIONDigital imagingComputer visionArtificial intelligenceImage segmentationbusiness
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Results from the Fourth WMO Filter Radiometer Comparison for aerosol optical depth measurements

2018

Abstract. This study presents the results of the Fourth Filter Radiometer Comparison that was held in Davos, Switzerland, between 28 September and 16 October 2015. Thirty filter radiometers and spectroradiometers from 12 countries participated including reference instruments from global aerosol networks. The absolute differences of all instruments compared to the reference have been based on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) criterion defined as follows: 95% of the measured data has to be within 0.005 ± 0.001∕m (where m is the air mass). At least 24 out of 29 instruments achieved this goal at both 500 and 865 nm, while 12 out of 17 and 13 out of 21 achieved this at 368 and 412 nm,…

Earth's energy budgetTermodinàmica atmosfèricaAtmospheric ScienceAngstrom exponent010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesMeteorologi och atmosfärforskning01 natural sciencesAerosol optical depthlcsh:Chemistry010309 opticssymbols.namesakeAerosol networks0103 physical sciencesRayleigh scatteringradiometry field campaignRadiation balance0105 earth and related environmental sciencesRemote sensingAerosolsRadiometerlcsh:QC1-999AerosolSpectroradiometerlcsh:QD1-99913. Climate action[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]Meteorology and Atmospheric SciencessymbolsEnvironmental scienceRadiometerSun photometerslcsh:PhysicsWater vapor
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How do Banking Crises Impact on Income Inequality?

2012

We show that banking crises have an important effect on income distribution: inequality increases before banking crisis episodes and sharply declines afterwards. We also find that, while a large government size does not per se seem to reduce inequality, a rise in financial depth (i.e. better access to credit provided by the banking sector) contributes to a more equal distribution of income.

Economics and EconometricsInequality banking crisis financial depth government size.Comprehensive incomeInequalityEconomic policymedia_common.quotation_subjectBanking crisisSocial SciencesDistribution (economics)jel:E44Monetary economicsjel:E25Economic inequalityIncome distributioninequality banking crisis financial depth government size0502 economics and businessEconomics050207 economicsFinancial depth10. No inequalitymedia_commonGovernment050208 financebusiness.industry05 social sciences1. No povertySettore SECS-P/02 Politica Economicajel:H12Banking sectorGovernment sizeInequalityIncome inequality metrics8. Economic growthjel:G18business
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Extinction and optical depth of contrails

2011

[1] One factor limiting the understanding of the climate impact from contrails and aircraft induced cloud modifications is the accurate determination of their optical depth. To this end, 14 contrails were sampled for 2756 s with instruments onboard the research aircraft Falcon during the CONCERT (CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT) campaign in November 2008. The young (<10 min old) contrails were produced by 9 commercial aircraft with weights of 47 to 508 t, among them the largest operating passenger aircraft, the Airbus A380. The contrails were observed at temperatures between 214 and 224 K and altitudes between 8.8 and 11.1 km. The measured mean in-contrail relative humidity with respect to i…

Effective radiusGeophysicsMeteorologyExtinction (optical mineralogy)Range (aeronautics)Radiative transferGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesEnvironmental scienceCirrusRelative humidityRadiative forcingAtmospheric sciencesOptical depthGeophysical Research Letters
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Intracranial measurement of current densities induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human brain

2003

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to generate currents in the brain via pulsed magnetic fields. The magnitude of such induced currents is unknown. In this study we measured the TMS induced current densities in a patient with implanted depth electrodes for epilepsy monitoring. A maximum current density of 12 microA/cm2 was recorded at a depth of 1 cm from scalp surface with the optimum stimulation orientation used in the experiment and an intensity of 7% of the maximal stimulator output. During TMS we recorded relative current variations under different stimulating coil orientations and at different points…

Electromagnetic fieldAdultMaterials sciencemedicine.medical_treatmentModels NeurologicalNuclear magnetic resonanceElectromagnetic FieldsEpilepsy Complex PartialmedicineHumansGeneral NeuroscienceSkullBrainTranscranial Magnetic StimulationElectric StimulationIntensity (physics)Magnetic fieldElectromagnetic inductionElectrodes ImplantedTranscranial magnetic stimulationElectromagnetic coiltranscranial magnetic stimulatione depth electrodes epilepsyBrain InjuriesFemaleCurrent (fluid)ArtifactsCurrent densityNeuroscience
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3D image acquisition system based on shape from focus technique

2013

agent Agrosup Dijon de l'UMREcolDurGEAPSI; This paper describes the design of a 3D image acquisition system dedicated to natural complex scenes composed of randomly distributed objects with spatial discontinuities. In agronomic sciences, the 3D acquisition of natural scene is difficult due to the complex nature of the scenes. Our system is based on the Shape from Focus technique initially used in the microscopic domain. We propose to adapt this technique to the macroscopic domain and we detail the system as well as the image processing used to perform such technique. The Shape from Focus technique is a monocular and passive 3D acquisition method that resolves the occlusion problem affecting…

Engineering[ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISIONscenesImage processingagronomic scenes[ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing02 engineering and technologyClassification of discontinuitieslcsh:Chemical technologyBiochemistryArticleAnalytical ChemistryDomain (software engineering)shape from focusDepth map0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringagronomiclcsh:TP1-1185Computer vision3D image acquisition system;shape from focus;focus measure;agronomic;scenesDepth of fieldElectrical and Electronic EngineeringInstrumentationComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS3D image acquisition systemfocus measureMonocular[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]business.industry3D image acquisition system; shape from focus; focus measure; agronomic scenesScene statisticsDistributed object021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyAtomic and Molecular Physics and Optics020201 artificial intelligence & image processingArtificial intelligence0210 nano-technologybusiness
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RESPONSE OF POSIDONIA OCEANICA TO WAVE MOTION IN SHALLOW-WATERS - PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

2011

Aim of the present work is to contribute to the knowledge about the interaction between the flow induced by wave and the aquatic vegetation. More in details the results of preliminary tests of an experimental laboratory investigation about the response of a Posidonia Oceanica meadow to wave motion in shallow waters is reported. A wide attention was posed to the behavior of a synthetic plants with plastic material. To this aim an image acquisition technique was used to analyze and compare the movement of both the artificial plant and the real one. The experiments carried out about the interaction between the artificial meadow and the waves showed a significant wave dumping, in particular in …

Engineeringbiologybusiness.industrySettore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E IdrologiaSoil scienceExperimental laboratorybiology.organism_classificationWave motionWater depthPosidonia oceanicaAquatic plantGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesImage acquisitionGeotechnical engineeringbusinessGeneral Environmental Scienceposidonia wave damping
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New Solution of Classical Hydraulic Jump

2009

This technical note, applying dimensional analysis and incomplete self-similarity, proposes a new functional relationship for the sequent depth ratio for hydraulic jumps over both smooth and rough horizontal beds. For the smooth bed condition, experimental measurements in the literature were used to calibrate the new relationship. For the rough bed condition the data of a previous investigation were used with new measurements carried out in a rectangular horizontal flume having a gravel bed. Finally, a generalized solution of the sequent depth ratio is proposed.

Engineeringbusiness.industryWater flowHydraulicsMechanical EngineeringWeak solutionMechanicsOpen-channel flowlaw.inventionFlumeHydraulic structurelawSettore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestalicorrenti a superficie libera risalto idraulico scabrezza di fondoGeotechnical engineeringMomentum-depth relationship in a rectangular channelbusinessHydraulic jumpWater Science and TechnologyCivil and Structural EngineeringJournal of Hydraulic Engineering
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