Search results for "DIET"

Cholestérol et pathologies oculaires : focus sur le rôle de la cholestérol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) dans l’homéostasie du cholestérol

2015

Resume La retine est le tissu neurosensoriel de l’œil qui assure la transduction visuelle, c’est-a-dire le codage de l’information lumineuse en influx nerveux. Le terme « retine » regroupe l’association de la retine neurale et de l’epithelium pigmentaire retinien qui repose sur la membrane de Bruch. L’association physique de ces deux partenaires et leurs interactions metaboliques sont des elements indispensables au bon fonctionnement de la retine, a la fois en termes d’apport en nutriments et de maintien de l’homeostasie. Des dereglements de ces equilibres sont associes au vieillissement et a des pathologies comme la degenerescence maculaire liee a l’âge, premiere cause de malvoyance apres …

Characterization of bread breakdown during mastication by image texture analysis

2012

National audience; Reducing sodium intake in Western diet is advised for reducing hypertension and risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Sodium is mainly consumed via processed foods and among them breads are one of the most important sources of salt [1]. The present study investigated the changes in mastication and salivation for bread samples with different composition and texture, their respective contribution to food bolus formation, and the impact on salt release. The study set-up included five subjects presenting different chewing efficiency and four different breads from different composition and structure (two French baguettes (bakery (BB) and supermarket (BS)), a toast bread (…

Le confort en bouche, un nouveau concept pour mieux comprendre les attentes des consommateurs seniors

2020

International audience; In humans, oral food intake is the ultimate stage of food supply chain and the beginning of food disintegration and digestion process. During aging, the oral health changes and sometimes eating food can be a real challenge as food can be hard to masticate, humidify or swallow. To meet this challenge, and as part of the AlimaSSenS project, a team of researchers from the Centre of taste and eating behaviour investigated the concept of “oral comfort” when eating a food in an elderly population. A group of 107 seniors aged 65 years and more participated in qualitative (focus group) and quantitative studies (tasting sessions) in order to explore the concept of oral comfor…

Papel de las leguminosas en la alimentación actual

2010

5 páginas, 2 figuras, 2 tablas.-- et al.

Statistical analysis of sensory profiling data. Graphs for presenting results (PCA and ANOVA)

2000

Abstract A principal component analysis is performed to analyse the matrix of median values, with 16 varieties in rows, and all descriptors in columns. Only texture descriptors contribute to the definition of the main axes. Six varieties are identified that score high on mealiness and low on moisture, the 10 other varieties are ordered according to a mashable axis which involves texture descriptors. Next we exclude texture descriptors since the main characteristics are already found, and mealy varieties since they are not suitable for steamed potatoes. A mixed linear model (ANOVA) with random subject effects is then used for each descriptor. Flavour and taste differences are found among the…

Application of replicated difference testing

2000

International audience; In a recent paper, Brockho€ and Schlich (1998, Handling replications in discrimination tests. Food Quality and Preference, 9(5), 303±312) proposed a statistically sound way of handling replications in di€erence testing. In the present paper, this new test is applied to the data obtained in six experiments on non alcoholic beverages, where triangle tests were intensively replicated (between eight and 60 times) with groups of subjects composed of 12±61 students. The paper aims to estimate in these practical situations the extent to which a group of panelists is heterogeneous towards the ability of detecting a sensory di€erence among two products. As the results indicat…

Maternal feeding practices during the first year and their impact on infants' acceptance of complementary food.

2013

Funding: Regional Council of Burgundy + Regional Council of IFR92 + Regional Council of PRNH-INRA-INSERM + Regional Council of the "ANR The French National Research Agency" under the Programme National de Recherche en Alimentation et nutrition humaine (ANR-06-PNRA-028 ) + Regional Council of Bledina, Nestle, Symrise, Cedus and Valrhona; International audience; The introduction of weaning foods is a major transition in the development of infants' eating behavior. Previous studies showed that greater variety at the beginning of the weaning period can later influence an infant's acceptance of new foods. The aim of the present study was to describe maternal feeding practices in the first year (…

Food choices at lunch during the third year of life: high selection of animal and starchy foods but avoidance of vegetables

2007

Aim: The objective was to show patterns of food selection by 2- to 3-y-old children for a wide variety of foods in a self-service cafeteria and to assess the effect of individual variables (gender, BMI, mode of feeding after birth and rank in sibship). Methods: In a nursery self-service canteen, food choices at lunch made by children (n=418, 24–36 mo; 109 observations per child on average) were recorded by trained assistants who monitored portion size. An offer of eight dishes (animal products, starchy foods, combination dishes, vegetables and dairy products), excluding dessert-type foods, was proposed. Choice level was calculated for each food. Analysis of variance was used to compare choi…

Le goût : physiologie, rôles et dysfonctionnements

2013

Article de vulgarisation; National audience; The sense of taste involves multimodal sensory activation to detect and identify many flavors. Today, five primary tastes have been identified (sweet, salt, sour, bitter and umami). These are often combined to form complex tastes. The physiology of gustatory pathways is complex. The activation of gustatory receptors located in the mouth leads to an ascendant pathway through the neurons of the solitary nucleus in the brainstem and the neurons located in the thalamus. After the thalamus, the gustative signal modulates the ipsilateral primary taste cortex and then the secondary taste area. The secondary taste cortex, which combines representations o…

2021

Animal Welfare Attitudes (AWA) are defined as human attitudes towards the welfare of animals in different dimensions and settings. Demographic factors, such as age and gender are associated with AWA. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences among university students in a large convenience sample from twenty-two nations in AWA. A total of 7914 people participated in the study (5155 women, 2711 men, 48 diverse). Participants completed a questionnaire that collected demographic data, typical diet and responses to the Composite Respect for Animals Scale Short version (CRAS-S). In addition, we used a measure of gender empowerment from the Human Development Report. The largest varia…