Search results for "DIO"
showing 10 items of 27885 documents
Tracking the outbreak. An optimized delimiting survey strategy for Xylella fastidiosa
2020
SummaryCurrent legislation enforces the implementation of intensive surveillance programs for quarantine plant pathogens. After an outbreak, surveys are implemented to delimit the geographic extent of the pathogen and execute disease control. The feasibility of control programs is highly dependent on budget availability, thus it is necessary to target and optimize surveillance strategies.A sequential adaptive delimiting survey involving a three-phase and a two-phase design with increasing spatial resolution was developed and implemented for the Xylella fastidiosa outbreak in Alicante, Spain. Inspection and sampling intensities were optimized using simulation-based methods and results were v…
Echo-sounding can discriminate between fish and macroinvertebrates in fresh water
2008
SUMMARY 1. Acoustic scattering from fish and macroinvertebrates was studied in a boreal Finnish lake at three echosounder frequencies (38, 120 and 200 kHz). Split-beam transducers with partly overlapping 7� beams were employed. Acoustic, fish and invertebrate sampling were undertaken simultaneously. Vertical gradients of temperature and oxygen concentration were measured during the exercise. 2. At all frequencies, a narrow scattering layer coincided with the thermocline. At 38 kHz, fish were detected well with practically no reverberation from invertebrates while 200 kHz detected both fish and invertebrates. 3. Minor differences in the magnitude of acoustic scattering from fish were found b…
Evaluation of the shielding in a treatment room with an electronic brachytherapy unit.
2017
Esteya® (Elekta Brachytherapy, Veenendaal, The Netherlands) is an electronic brachytherapy (eBT) system based on a 69.5 kVp x-ray source and a set of collimators of 1 to 3 cm in diameter, used for treating non-melanoma skin cancer lesions. This study aims to estimate room shielding requirements for this unit. The non-primary (scattered and leakage) ambient dose equivalent rates were measured with a Berthold LB-133 monitor (Berthold Technologies, Bad Wildbad, Germany). The latter ranges from 17 mSv h-1 at 0.25 m distance from the x-ray source to 0.1 mSv h-1 at 2.5 m. The necessary room shielding was then estimated following US and some European guidelines. The room shielding for all barriers…
Antioxidant activity and enzymes inhibitory properties of several extracts from two Moroccan Asteraceae species
2018
Abstract The present work reports investigation on phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory activities (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase) of different extracts from two Moroccan Asteraceae species; Bubonium imbricatum Cav. and Cladanthus arabicus (L.) Cass. B. imbricatum extracts contained the highest amounts of phenolics and flavonoids, and also exhibited higher antioxidant activity. In this species, the highest total phenolic (1611.13 ± 14.23 μmolGAE/gextract) and flavonoid (376.11 ± 8.22 μmolQE/gextract) contents were observed in aqueous-methanol extract obtained by maceration. Further, UHPLC–MS analysis of C. arab…
Changes in the free amino acids and the biogenic amine contents during lactic acid fermentation of different lupin species
2016
Summary The aim of the work was to evaluate the profile of free amino acids (FAA) as the possible precursors of biogenic amines (BAs) in different varieties and hybrid lines of Lupinus luteus and Lupinus angustifolius and its changes during fermentation. Lupins have high amounts of FAA, and therefore, significant contents of BAs by the action of bacterial amino acid decarboxylases can be formed. In view of this, the effect of three Pediococcus pentosaceus strains KTU05-8, KTU05-9 and KTU05-10 on BA formation during lupin fermentation was studied. The formation of BAs was monitored during 48-h fermentation at solid-state conditions and compared with that in samples after submerged fermentati…
Influence of pulsed electric field processing on the quality of fruit juice beverages sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana
2017
Abstract A fruit juice-stevia beverage was processed using pulsed electric fields (PEF), a non-thermal preservation technology, with the purpose of investigating the feasibility of PEF for bioactive compounds and steviol glycosides enhancement and its impact on physicochemical properties. Variable ranges of response surface methodology were 20–40 kV/cm (electric field strength), 100–360 μs (treatment time) and 0–2.5% (w/v) stevia. After PEF, ascorbic acid was retained by more than 74%. Some of the analyzed PEF treatments resulted in an enhancement of total anthocyanins and carotenoids. The best results for rebaudioside A/stevioside ratio were obtained when PEF was applied at 30 kV/cm for 23…
Partitioning net carbon dioxide fluxes into photosynthesis and respiration using neural networks
2020
Abstract The eddy covariance (EC) technique is used to measure the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 between ecosystems and the atmosphere, offering a unique opportunity to study ecosystem responses to climate change. NEE is the difference between the total CO2 release due to all respiration processes (RECO), and the gross carbon uptake by photosynthesis (GPP). These two gross CO2 fluxes are derived from EC measurements by applying partitioning methods that rely on physiologically based functional relationships with a limited number of environmental drivers. However, the partitioning methods applied in the global FLUXNET network of EC observations do not account for the multiple co‐acting…
An electrochemical analysis suggests role of gynodioecy in adaptation to stress in Cortaderia selloana
2018
Cortaderia selloana is an invasive, gynodioecious species prevalent in Mediterranean area which contains both female and hermaphrodite specimens in the wild population. Using voltammetric data we show that the female and hermaphrodite specimens exhibit differential electrochemical response. Cortaderia selloana leaves from two different provenances in the Valencia Mediterranean area, Sueca and Cullera (Comunitat Valenciana, Spain), in the surroundings of the Albufera Natural Park, a peculiar ecosystem containing unspoilt dune beaches and forests, were studied to determine correlation of flower morphology with the plant's ability to adapt to stress conditions. Our data suggests that gynodioec…
Faster acquisition of symbiotic partner by common mycorrhizal networks in early plant life stage
2016
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi usually improve plant performance yet our knowledge about their effects on seed germination and early plant establishment is very limited. We performed a factorial greenhouse experiment where the seeds from four low Arctic cooccurring mycorrhizal herbs (Antennaria dioica, Campanula rotundifolia, Sibbaldia procumbens, and Solidago virgaurea) were germinated alone or in the vicinity of an adult Sibbaldia plant with or without AM fungi; given either as spores or being present in a common mycorrhizal network (CMN). Three different AM fungal species were examined to assess species-specific differences in symbiont acquisition rate. Out of the four plant species i…
Ecosystem carbon response of an Arctic peatland to simulated permafrost thaw
2019
Permafrost peatlands are biogeochemical hot spots in the Arctic as they store vast amounts of carbon. Permafrost thaw could release part of these long-term immobile carbon stocks as the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) to the atmosphere, but how much, at which time-span and as which gaseous carbon species is still highly uncertain. Here we assess the effect of permafrost thaw on GHG dynamics under different moisture and vegetation scenarios in a permafrost peatland. A novel experimental approach using intact plant–soil systems (mesocosms) allowed us to simulate permafrost thaw under near-natural conditions. We monitored GHG flux dynamics via high-resolution…