Search results for "DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4"

showing 7 items of 17 documents

Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

2015

BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 patients to add either sitagliptin or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all patients. To determine whether sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of cardiovascular deat…

Oralmedicine.medical_specialtyHeart diseasesGlycosylatedAdministration Oralheart failureType 2 diabetesDipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitorKaplan-Meier EstimatePlaceboSitagliptin PhosphateSitagliptin Cardiovascular Outcomeschemistry.chemical_compoundDrug TherapyDouble-Blind MethodInternal medicineDiabetes MellitusmedicineHumansHypoglycemic AgentsGlycated HemoglobinHemoglobin A GlycosylatedAdministration Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Hemoglobin A Glycosylated; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Pyrazines; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Triazoles; Medicine (all)business.industryMedicine (all)SemaglutideSitagliptin PhosphateHemoglobin AGeneral MedicineTriazolesta3121medicine.diseaseSurgeryHospitalizationCardiovascular diseaseschemistryDiabetes Mellitus Type 2SitagliptinPyrazinesAdministrationCombinationDrug Therapy CombinationGlycated hemoglobinbusinessType 2Alogliptinmedicine.drugFollow-Up StudiesNew England Journal of Medicine
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Incretin-Based Therapies Role in COVID-19 Era: Evolving Insights

2020

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led the scientific community to breach new frontiers in the understanding of human physiology and disease pathogenesis. It has been hypothesized that the human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) enzyme receptor may be a functional target for the spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since DPP4-inhibitors are currently used for the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes (T2DM), there is currently high interest in the possibility that these agents, or incretin-based therapies (IBTs) in general, may be of benefit against the new coronavirus infection. Diabetes is associated with increased COV…

Prognostic variableCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Pneumonia ViralIncretin030209 endocrinology & metabolism030204 cardiovascular system & hematologymedicine.disease_causeBioinformaticsIncretinsSeverity of Illness IndexGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorBetacoronavirus03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineDiabetes mellitusPandemicSeverity of illnessHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMedicinePharmacology (medical)PandemicsDipeptidyl peptidase-4CoronavirusPharmacologyDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsSARS-CoV-2business.industryCOVID-19medicine.diseaseDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Inflammation MediatorsCoronavirus InfectionsCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicinebusinessdiabetes DPP4 GLP1 incretins Betacoronavirus COVID-19 Coronavirus Infections Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Humans Hypoglycemic Agents Incretins Inflammation Mediators Pandemics Pneumonia Viral SARS-CoV-2 Severity of Illness Index
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Seprase-DPPIV Association and Prolyl Peptidase and Gelatinase Activities of the Protease Complex

2005

ProteaseBiochemistryFibroblast activation protein alphaChemistrymedicine.medical_treatmentmedicineGelatinaseWound edgeDipeptidyl peptidase-4Dipeptidyl peptidaseConnective tissue cell
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Flavonoids against the SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory storm

2021

The disease severity of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and patients with co-morbidities, is characterized by hypercytokinemia, an exaggerated immune response associated with an uncontrolled and excessive release of proinflammatory cytokine mediators (cytokine storm). Flavonoids, important secondary metabolites of plants, have long been studied as therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases due to their cytokine-modulatory effects. In this review, we discuss the potential role of flavonoids in the modulation of signaling pathways that are crucial for COVID-19 disease, particularly those related to inflammation and immunity. The immunomodulatory ability of flavonoids, carried out …

Settore BIO/17 - Istologia0301 basic medicinePhytochemicalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAnti-inflammatory effectsInflammationRM1-950ReviewCytokine stormProinflammatory cytokineImmunomodulationEndothelial activation03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineImmune systemAnimalsHumansMedicineDipeptidyl peptidase-4InflammationFlavonoidsPharmacologySARS-CoV-2business.industryfungiCOVID-19food and beveragesInflammasomeGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseaseCOVID-19 Drug Treatment3. Good health030104 developmental biology030220 oncology & carcinogenesisImmunologyTherapeutics. Pharmacologymedicine.symptomSignal transductionCytokine Release SyndromebusinessCytokine stormmedicine.drugBiomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
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Impact of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

2020

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. Among the well-known pathophysiologic factors, crucial roles are played by endothelial dysfunction (caused by oxidative stress and inflammation hyperglycemia-linked), increased activity of nuclear factor kB, altered macrophage polarization, and reduced synthesis of resident endothelial progenitor cells. As consequence, a potentially rapid progression of the atherosclerotic disease with a higher propensity to unstable plaque is arguable, finally leading to significantly increased cardiovascular mortality. Main managements are focused on both prevention and early diagnosis, by target…

cardiovascular riskcardiovascular risk; dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists; sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; type 2 diabetes mellitustype 2 diabetes mellitusglucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonistslcsh:Medicine030209 endocrinology & metabolismInflammationType 2 diabetesDiseaseReview030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyHypoglycemiaBioinformaticsmedicine.disease_cause03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicineEndothelial dysfunctionAdverse effectbusiness.industrylcsh:RType 2 Diabetes MellitusGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseasesodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitorsmedicine.symptombusinessdipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitorsOxidative stressJournal of Clinical Medicine
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Glucose lowering and anti-atherogenic effects of incretin-based therapies: GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4-inhibitors

2009

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease with a multi-faceted pathophysiology. Beyond the known defects of insulin resistance and beta-cell insufficiency, derangement of incretin hormones normally produced from the gut wall in response to food intake play an important role. In recent years, the 'incretin-based' therapies (IBTs) have been developed to address hyperglycemia through either mimicking the action of the endogenous incretin glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1) (GLP-1 receptor agonists) or by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme that degrades GLP-1 (the dipeptyl peptidase-4 inhibitors).We reviewed available evidence on the glucose lowering and anti-atherogenic effects of IBT…

endocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyDipeptidyl Peptidase 410265 Clinic for Endocrinology and DiabetologyIncretin610 Medicine & healthType 2 diabetesCarbohydrate metabolismIncretinsInsulin resistancecardiovascular risk diabetes DPP-4 inhibitors GLP-1 analoguesGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Risk FactorsInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusmedicineAnimalsHumans2736 Pharmacology (medical)Pharmacology (medical)Dipeptidyl peptidase-4PharmacologyClinical Trials as TopicDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitorsbusiness.industrydigestive oral and skin physiologyGeneral MedicineAtherosclerosismedicine.diseaseGlucose3004 PharmacologyEndocrinologyPostprandialDiabetes Mellitus Type 2aterosclerosibusinesshormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsHormoneExpert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
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Future perspectives of the pharmacological management of diabetic dyslipidemia

2019

Introduction: Diabetic dyslipidemia is frequent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is characterized by an increase in triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and small-dense (atherogenic) particles, and by a decrease in low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 that are strongly related to insulin resistance. The increased flux of free fatty acids from adipose tissue to the liver aggravates hepatic insulin resistance and promotes all of aspects of the dyslipidemic state. Areas covered: Statins are the first-line agents for treatment while other lipid-lowering drugs (ezetimibe, fibrate and proprotein convertase…

medicine.medical_specialtyApolipoprotein Bmedicine.drug_classglucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA)Fibrate030226 pharmacology & pharmacystatins03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineInsulin resistanceEzetimibeInternal medicinemedicineHumansHypoglycemic AgentsPharmacology (medical)General Pharmacology Toxicology and PharmaceuticsOmega 3 fatty acidDyslipidemiasHypolipidemic Agentsfibratebiologybusiness.industrydyslipidemianutritional and metabolic diseasesType 2 Diabetes MellitusGeneral MedicineLipidmedicine.diseasesodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is)LipidsEndocrinologyDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Cardiovascular Diseases030220 oncology & carcinogenesisDipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is)Dietary Supplementsbiology.proteinKexinlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsInsulin ResistancebusinessDyslipidemiamedicine.drugezetimibeproprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)
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