Search results for "DIR"
showing 10 items of 10242 documents
The social benefits of restoring water quality in the context of the Water Framework Directive: A comparison of willingness to pay and willingness to…
2009
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is by far the most important piece of water legislation in Europe for the coming decades. Its main aim is to achieve "good ecological status" for all water resources by 2015. The economic valuation of the non-market benefits derived from improving water quality is an important input in assisting the design and implementation of efficient and effective water management policies. In this study, the contingent valuation method has been applied with a double purpose. On the one hand, we have estimated the value of a hypothetical improvement in water quality of a river asking individuals about their willingness to pay, and on the other hand, the issue of exemp…
Estimación del valor económico de la calidad del agua de un río mediante una doble aproximación: una aplicación de los principios económicos de la Di…
2011
El principal objetivo de la Directiva Marco del Agua de la Unión Europea es logar un “buen estado†de las aguas europeas para el año 2015 mediante una combinación de diferentes medidas. En este estudio, dos métodos de preferencias declaradas, el método de valoración contingente y el método de ordenación contingente, han sido aplicados para obtener la valoración económica de una hipotética mejora de la calidad del agua de un río. La comparación de las dos metodologías muestra que las valoraciones obtenidas con el método de ordenación contingente son considerablemente mayores que las obtenidas con la valoración contingente. Por último, los valores estimados se agregan para obtener una apro…
On the Real-Time Simulation and Control of the Continuous Casting Process
1990
Ll this paper we present a method for controlling in real-time the secondary cooling of the continuous casting machine. The method is based on the heat transfer model, which simulates the temperature distribution of the cast, and on the use of direct digital control (DDC). Off-line simulation results considering the control method is presented.
The Research Project on the Principles of BRICS Commercial Contracts Law. An Introduction
2022
The paper presents the main features of the project “The Principles of BRICS Contract Law” and investigates the possible foundations of a common system of international commercial contract law within the BRICS’ network.
The Principles of BRICS Contract Law
2022
This book examines national reports on contract law in each of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) in order to provide a comparative analysis. It then establishes common principles, where possible, as well as a set of general “soft law” principles governing international commercial contracts in these countries.
GLI OBBLIGHI DI INFORMAZIONE TRA REGOLE DI PROTEZIONE DEL CONSUMATORE E DIRITTO CONTRATTUALE EUROPEO
2013
Less ambitious than the original proposals, the Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83 focuses on the area of information duties and the right of withdrawal in B2C contracts. This article analyses the new rules providing information obligations, and highlights some of the unresolved questions particularly concerning the level of consumer protection, and the remedies for the breach of those obligations. An extensive catalogue of information is now to be given in distance and off-premises contracts; and — according to the existing rules within the Directives on Timeshare Contracts and Package Travel — this catalogue is to be considered an integral part of the contract. According to the Author’s op…
L’impatto della pandemia sui rapporti contrattuali: problemi e rimedi
2021
This paper aims to analyze the global disaster caused by the COVID-19 pandemic that has disrupted the existence of almost all of humanity. In addition, examine the significant limitations limitations on individual and collective freedoms to protect public health and, secondly, to mitigate as much as possible the impact of the pandemic on economic activities. The attention of the article focuses exclusively on the rules that impact on the general discipline of obligations and contracts. The essay deals with the institutions of contract law that are best suited to counteract the effects of the pandemic on contractual relationships, especially those long term. Particular attention is paid to t…
Oneri di sbilanciamento (diritto dell'energia)
2018
The article aims to explore to what extent consumers protection, as principle constitutionally guaranteed by art.38 of EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights, should affect the rules governing the electricity dispatching service and the balancing system. On a market such as the electricity market, where demand is inflexible and the product concerned cannot be stored, electricity dispatching service is designed to ensure that, within the national transmission system, the supply of electricity matches demand, thereby guaranteeing security and continuity in the energy supply. Transparent market-based mechanisms for the supply and purchase of electricity needs to be combined with balancing measures…
Una postilla su una delle novità introdotte dall’art. 84 del codice dei contratti pubblici (d.lgs. n. 50/2016). L’obbligo delle stazioni appaltanti d…
2016
A NOTE ON ONE OF THE NEW MEASURES INTRODUCED BY ARTICLE 84 OF THE ITALIAN PUBLIC PROCUREMENTS CODE (LEGISLATIVE DECREE NO 50/2016). THE OBLIGATION OF CONTRACTING AUTHORITIES TO VERIFY THE QUALIFICATION CERTIFICATE OF CONTRACTORS ISSUED BY SOA Article 84 of the new Italian Public Procurements Code, which (along with other provisions) sets out the qualification system for economic operators offering the execution of works for an amount equal to or over 150,000 Euro, introduces several new provisions. In addition to the widely publicised and certainly significant one attributing broad regulatory powers to ANAC (the Italian Independent Authority supervising public procurements), Article 84 impo…
Il diritto europeo e la «giustizia contrattuale»
2015
The essay deals with the issue of « contractual justice » in light of European private law. The author reports the extreme variety of problems brought under the formula « contractual justice » and tries to propose a definition of the notion, restricting it to the legal institutions that allow for judicial review of the contractual relationship, in view of its rebalancing. The most intricate issue concerns the conditions under which these forms of intervention, moreover very heterogeneous, can be accomplished. The paper analyzes the main opinions that range from the concepts of procedural justice to that of substantive justice, proposing a reading that goes beyond the procedural conceptions.