Search results for "DISEASES"
showing 10 items of 20537 documents
Amylase–Trypsin Inhibitors in Wheat and Other Cereals as Potential Activators of the Effects of Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity
2018
Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a gluten-related gastrointestinal disorder distinct from celiac disease (CD) and gluten allergy that is not easy to diagnose due to the lack of biomarkers. It is characterized by intestinal symptoms and extraintestinal manifestations with the consumption of gluten-containing foods. In contrast to CD, NCGS patients do not present a genetic predisposition or intestinal villi atrophy. Recent studies question the proinflammatory triggering activity of α-gliadin fraction contained in wheat, since it has been demonstrated that the amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) exert a strong activating effect on the innate immune response. We aimed to analyze the role of…
Phytocystatin CsinCPI-2 Reduces Osteoclastogenesis and Alveolar Bone Loss
2021
Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Periodontal disease (PD) is a polymicrobial chronic inflammatory condition of the supporting tissues around the teeth, leading to the destruction of surrounding connective tissue. During the progression of PD, osteoclasts play a crucial role in the resorption of alveolar bone that eventually leads to the loss of teeth if the PD is left untreated. Therefore, the development of antiresorptive therapies targeting bone-resorbing cells will significantly benefit the treatment of PD. Here, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of CsinCPI-2, a novel cysteine peptidase inhibitor from the oran…
Direct Sensing of Nutrients via a LAT1-like Transporter in Drosophila Insulin-Producing Cells
2016
Summary Dietary leucine has been suspected to play an important role in insulin release, a hormone that controls satiety and metabolism. The mechanism by which insulin-producing cells (IPCs) sense leucine and regulate insulin secretion is still poorly understood. In Drosophila, insulin-like peptides (DILP2 and DILP5) are produced by brain IPCs and are released in the hemolymph after leucine ingestion. Using Ca2+-imaging and ex vivo cultured larval brains, we demonstrate that IPCs can directly sense extracellular leucine levels via minidiscs (MND), a leucine transporter. MND knockdown in IPCs abolished leucine-dependent changes, including loss of DILP2 and DILP5 in IPC bodies, consistent wit…
Platelet Pathogen Reduction Technologies Alter the MicroRNA Profile of Platelet-Derived Microparticles
2020
Despite improvements in donor screening and increasing efforts to avoid contamination and the spread of pathogens in clinical platelet concentrates (PCs), the risks of transfusion-transmitted infections remain important. Relying on an ultraviolet photo activation system, pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs), such as Intercept and Mirasol, utilize amotosalen, and riboflavin (vitamin B2), respectively, to mediate inactivation of pathogen nucleic acids. Although they are expected to increase the safety and prolong the shelf life of clinical PCs, these PRTs might affect the quality and function of platelets, as recently reported. Upon activation, platelets release microparticles (MPs), which …
Curcumin-like compounds designed to modify amyloid beta peptide aggregation patterns
2017
International audience; Curcumin is a natural polyphenol able to bind the amyloid beta peptide, which is related to Alzheimer's disease, and modify its self-assembly pathway. This paper focuses on a multi-disciplinary study that starts from the design of curcumin-like compounds with the key chemical features required for inhibiting amyloid beta aggregation, and reports the effects of these compounds on the in vitro aggregation of amyloid beta peptides. Chemoinformatic screening was performed through the calculation of molecular descriptors that were able to highlight the drug-like profile, followed by docking studies with an amyloid beta peptide fibril. The computational design underlined t…
Simultaneous infection of cattle with different Anaplasma phagocytophilum variants.
2019
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-transmitted Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that replicates in neutrophil granulocytes. It causes tick-borne fever in cattle and sheep. We report here the case of a 5-year-old cow from Germany with clinically overt granulocytic anaplasmosis presenting with fever, lower limb oedema and drop in milk-yield. The herd encompassed 10 animals, 8 other animals showed subclinical infection. The strains from the 9 A. phagocytophilum positive cows were molecularly characterized using ankA gene-based and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Seven of 9 (78%) animals were infected simultaneously with different ankA variants belonging to ankA clusters I and…
Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections in Schoolchildren of Laguna de Perlas (Nicaragua).
2016
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) prevalence, intensity, polyparasitism and co-infections in 425 children from 3 schools of Laguna de Perlas (Nicaragua) were investigated. Single stool samples were analysed by the formalin-ether method and the Kato-Katz. A total of 402 (94.6%) children were infected. Trichuris trichiura 308 (72.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides 115 (27.1%) and Hookworms 54 (12.7%) were the most prevalent STHs. Polyparasitism (322; 75.8%) with two species was most prevalent (109; 25.6%). T. trichiura with A. lumbricoides (19.3%) and T. trichiura with Hookworm (6.8%) were the most common combinations. Positive associations were observed between T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides and T. t…
Effects of oleuropein on tumor cell growth and bone remodelling: Potential clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of malignant bone d…
2020
Oleuropein (Ole) is the main bioactive phenolic compound present in olive leaves, fruits and olive oil. This molecule has been shown to exert beneficial effects on several human pathological conditions. In particular, recent preclinical and observational studies have provided evidence that Ole exhibits chemo-preventive effects on different types of human tumors. Studies undertaken to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying these effects have shown that this molecule may thwart several key steps of malignant progression, including tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, by modulating the expression and activity of several growth factors, cytokines, adh…
The Role of Osteoprotegerin and Its Ligands in Vascular Function
2019
International audience; The superfamily of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors includes osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, which are receptor activators of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays an active role in pathological angiogenesis and inflammation as well as cell survival. It has been demonstrated that there is crosstalk between endothelial cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis, thus establishing a connection between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This OPG/RANKL/RANK/TRAIL system acts on specific cell surface receptors, which are then able to transmit their signals to other intracellular comp…
Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition in Cardiovascular Patients at the Time of COVID19: Much Ado for Nothing? A Statement of Activity from the Directo…
2020
Cardiovascular diseases, in particular hypertension, as well as the cardiovascular treatment with Renin-Angiotensin System inhibitors such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), are claimed once again as mechanisms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) during the COVID-19 outbreak due to Cov-2 epidemics. In vitro studies are available to support the eventual role of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in both the promotion and antagonism of the disease. The available literature, indeed, presents contrasting results, all concentrated in experimental models. Evidence in humans is lacking that those mechanisms are actually occurring in the present…