Search results for "DISORDERS"
showing 10 items of 4560 documents
Some Detrimental Effects of Negative Mood on Individuals' Ability to Solve Resource Dilemmas
1991
This research examined the effects of induced mood on subjects' problem-solving behavior In an initial study, an experimenter induced one of three emotions (happiness, sadness, or anger) or no emotion in subjects. Shortly thereafter a second experimenter asked each subject to solve a resource dilemma problem. Subjects in the sad and angry mood conditions were less successful (i.e., they were more likely to deplete limited resources, and they achieved less profit) than subjects in the happy or neutral mood condition. Performance of subjects in positive moods did not differ from that of subjects in neutral moods. In a second study, the effect of a sad mood leading to less success than a neut…
Processes of Personality Development in Adulthood: The TESSERA Framework.
2016
The current article presents a theoretical framework of the short- and long-term processes underlying personality development throughout adulthood. The newly developed TESSERA framework posits that long-term personality development occurs due to repeated short-term, situational processes. These short-term processes can be generalized as recursive sequence of Triggering situations, Expectancy, States/State expressions, and Reactions (TESSERA). Reflective and associative processes on TESSERA sequences can lead to personality development (i.e., continuity and lasting changes in explicit and implicit personality characteristics and behavioral patterns). We illustrate how the TESSERA framework f…
Development of math anxiety and its longitudinal relationships with arithmetic achievement among primary school children
2019
Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the development of two separable aspects of math anxiety, anxiety about math-related situations and anxiety about failure in math, and their cross-lagged relationship with arithmetic achievement. The mean level of anxiety about math-related situations decreased among second, third, and fourth graders, and the level of anxiety about failure in math declined among third, fourth, and fifth graders. The rank-order of individuals was more stable in arithmetic achievement than in either aspect of math anxiety. Arithmetic achievement predicted later anxiety about failure in math, but neither aspect of math anxiety predicted later achievement. The result…
Motivational strategies in interventions for intimate partner violence offenders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled tria…
2020
ABSTRACT Previous research suggests that the inclusion of motivational strategies in interventions for intimate partner violence (IPV) offenders could increase their effectiveness. This review evaluated the effectiveness of interventions for IPV offenders that includes motivational strategies to reduce physical and psychological IPV, treatment dropout, official recidivism to IPV offending, and to increase intervention attendance dose. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PRISMA guidelines. The following databases were searched from 1983 to 2018 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions for IPV offenders that incorporated motivational strategies…
The mystery of the Polish soul. B. W. Johnson's effectà rebours
1996
Studies conducted in Poland replicated a not very-well known effect discovered by B. W. Johnson (1937). In his study students estimated their mood on several successive days each time comparing it to the mood they usually have. The results revealed a peculiar positive bias in that the students usually defined their mood as 'better than usual'. Johnson's study was replicated in Poland, where demonstration of optimism is not a cultural norm. The results suggest that Polish subjects 'usually define their mood as worse than usual'. The generalization and limitation of this negative bias is discussed in the light of the Pollyanna Principle and related empirical studies involving Polish subjects.
The effectiveness of increased support in reading and its relationship to teachers' affect and children's motivation
2016
Abstract The aims of this study were, firstly, to identify different groups of teacher–child dyads on the basis of the longitudinal associations between teachers' individual support in reading and children's reading skills, and, secondly, to examine whether the groups thus identified differ with respect to various teacher- and child-related factors. A total of 372 teacher–child dyads were examined. The reading skills of 6- to 7-year-old Finnish-speaking children were measured at the beginning and end of Grade 1. The amount of teachers' support in reading for a particular child was gathered from teachers by questionnaires. Regression Mixture Modeling identified three latent groups of teacher…
Se professionnaliser dans un dispositif de formation spécialisée
2013
Les nouvelles modalités de scolarisation des élèves handicapés interrogent les enseignants dans l’exercice de leur métier, en particulier ceux qui sont confrontés aux inscrits dans les troubles importants des fonctions cognitives. Les dispositifs de formation et d’accompagnement aident à identifier les compétences constitutives d’une nouvelle identité professionnelle enseignante et contribuent à initier et à enrichir ce processus de transformation identitaire. L’analyse des regards portés par les enseignants inscrits en formation spécialisée par alternance permet de mieux cerner les conditions requises afin que les leviers de transformation des postures et des pratiques professionnelles se …
EPA guidance on physical activity as a treatment for severe mental illness: a meta-review of the evidence and Position Statement from the European Ps…
2018
AbstractPhysical activity (PA) may be therapeutic for people with severe mental illness (SMI) who generally have low PA and experience numerous life style-related medical complications. We conducted a meta-review of PA interventions and their impact on health outcomes for people with SMI, including schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. We searched major electronic databases until January 2018 for systematic reviews with/without meta-analysis that investigated PA for any SMI. We rated the quality of studies with the AMSTAR tool, grading the quality of evidence, and identifying gaps, future research needs and clinical practice recommendations.…
Effects of Dolphin-assisted Therapy on the Social and Communication Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
2021
Although several studies have shown that dolphin-assisted therapy (DAT) may be beneficial for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), most of these studies have methodological weaknesses. This study tested the effectiveness of DAT in improving the social and communicative skills of children with ASD. We used a pretest- posttest design with a control group. The 48 participants were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: age between 4 and 5 years, diagnosis of ASD, and clear impairment in communication. Participants were randomly assigned to the groups: DAT and Therapy Without Dolphins (TWD). The research lasted 10 weeks. The intervention phase lasted 6 weeks and consis…
Sociālais darbs ar vecākiem ar garīgās veselības traucējumiem
2016
Maģistra darba nosaukums ir „Sociālais darbs ar vecākiem ar garīgās veselības traucējumiem”. Šī darba mērķis ir izpētīt sociālā darba nozīmi, kā arī efektivitāti gadījuma vadīšanas procesā darbā ar ģimenēm ar bērniem, kurās vecākam ir garīgās veselības traucējumi, kā arī šo traucējumu radīto ietekmi uz bērna vispārējo un sociālo spēju attīstību. Balstoties uz pētījuma rezultātiem, piedāvāt ieteikumus problemātikas risināšanai, paredzot sociālā darba ģimenēm ar bērniem atbalsta iespējas. Pētījuma aktualitāti raksturo tas, ka sociālā darba praksē strādājot ar ģimenēm, kur vecākam ir garīgās veselības traucējumi, tiek novēroti ilgstoši paaugstināti riski bērnu fiziskajai drošībai un emocionāla…