Search results for "DOC"

Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Emotions, Memory, and Cognitive Functions

2017

This chapter aims at highlighting the diverse roles of endocannabinoids in the coordination of balanced neuronal activities, which finally set the basis for the organism’s characteristics to store and remember important and useful things, to forget non-useful things, and to cope with new challenges. Altogether, the fine-tuned regulation of these processes is crucial for optimal life and survival. The endocannabinoid system appears to be a central intrinsic homeostatic factor in the organism, modulating these processes. Receptors for (endo)cannabinoids are also targets for exogenous cannabinoids, putting also relevance of external substances in the interference with these processes. The gene…

Deregulated miRNAs in bone health: Epigenetic roles in osteoporosis.

2019

MicroRNA (miRNA) has shown to enhance or inhibit cell proliferation, differentiation and activity of different cell types in bone tissue. The discovery of miRNA actions and their targets has helped to identify them as novel regulations actors in bone. Various studies have shown that miRNA deregulation mediates the progression of bone-related pathologies, such as osteoporosis. The present review intends to give an exhaustive overview of miRNAs with experimentally validated targets involved in bone homeostasis and highlight their possible role in osteoporosis development. Moreover, the review analyzes miRNAs identified in clinical trials and involved in osteoporosis.

Candida albicansis able to use M cells as a portal of entry across the intestinal barrierin vitro

2015

Candida albicans is the most frequent yeast responsible for systemic infections in humans. These infections mainly originate from the gastrointestinal tract where C. albicans can invade the gut epithelial barrier to gain access to the bloodstream. Along the gut, pathogens can use Microfold (M) cells as a portal of entry to cross the epithelial barrier. M cells are specialized cells mainly located in the follicule-associated epithelium of Peyer patches. In this study, we used scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy, adhesion and invasion assays and fungal mutants to investigate the interactions of C. albicans with M cells obtained in an established in vitro model whereby enterocyte-lik…

Bifidobacterium CECT 7765 modulates early stress-induced immune, neuroendocrine and behavioral alterations in mice.

2016

Emerging evidence suggests that there is a window of opportunity within the early developmental period, when microbiota-based interventions could play a major role in modulating the gut-brain axis and, thereby, in preventing mood disorders. This study aims at evaluating the effects and mode of action of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 in a murine model of chronic stress induced by maternal separation (MS). C57Bl/6J male breast-fed pups were divided into four groups, which were subjected or not to MS and supplemented with placebo or B. pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 until postnatal period (P) 21 and followed-up until P41. Behavioral tests were performed and neuroendocrine parameters …

OFIP/KIAA0753 forms a complex with OFD1 and FOR20 at pericentriolar satellites and centrosomes and is mutated in one individual with oral-facial-digi…

2016

Item does not contain fulltext Oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndromes are rare heterogeneous disorders characterized by the association of abnormalities of the face, the oral cavity and the extremities, some due to mutations in proteins of the transition zone of the primary cilia or the closely associated distal end of centrioles. These two structures are essential for the formation of functional cilia, and for signaling events during development. We report here causal compound heterozygous mutations of KIAA0753/OFIP in a patient with an OFD VI syndrome. We show that the KIAA0753/OFIP protein, whose sequence is conserved in ciliated species, associates with centrosome/centriole and pericentrio…

Effect of hypoosmotic swelling test and water test on the distribution of sperm subpopulations in bull

2016

Expression and Signaling of β-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in the Diabetic Heart.

2020

Diabetes is a chronic, endocrine disorder that effects millions of people worldwide. Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. Cardiac β1- and β2-adrenoceptor (AR) stimulation mediates positive inotropy and chronotropy, whereas β3-AR mediates negative inotropic effect. Changes in β-AR responsiveness are thought to be an important factor that contributes to the diabetic cardiac dysfunction. Diabetes related changes in β-AR expression, signaling, and β-AR mediated cardiac function have been studied by several investigators for many years. In the present review, we have screened PubMed database to obtain relevant articles on this topic. Our s…

Chronic stress leads to epigenetic dysregulation in the neuropeptide-Y and cannabinoid CB1 receptor genes in the mouse cingulate cortex.

2017

Persistent stress triggers a variety of mechanisms, which may ultimately lead to the occurrence of anxiety- and depression-related disorders. Epigenetic modifications represent a mechanism by which chronic stress mediates long-term effects. Here, we analyzed brain tissue from mice exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), which induced impaired emotional and nociceptive behaviors. As endocannabinoid (eCB) and neuropeptide-Y (Npy) systems modulate emotional processes, we hypothesized that CUS may affect these systems through epigenetic mechanisms. We found reduced Npy expression and Npy type 1 receptor (Npy1r) signaling, and decreased expression of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) …

Environmental Tobacco Smoke During the Early Postnatal Period of Mice Interferes With Brain 18 F-FDG Uptake From Infancy to Early Adulthood – A Longi…

2020

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, mainly in childhood. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of postnatal ETS exposure in the brain 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake of mice by positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging in a longitudinal study. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ETS that was generated from 3R4F cigarettes from postnatal day 3 (P3) to P14. PET analyses were performed in male and female mice during infancy (P15), adolescence (P35), and adulthood (P65). We observed that ETS exposure decreased 18F-FDG uptake in the whole brain, both left and right hemispheres, and frontal cortex in both male and female i…

2020

Objective: We investigated cerebral opioid receptor binding potential in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) using positron-emission-tomography (PET) and correlated our results with patients' systemic interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene expression. Methods: In this pilot study, seven FMS patients (1 man, 6 women) agreed to participate in experimental PET scans. All patients underwent neurological examination, were investigated with questionnaires for pain, depression, and FMS symptoms. Additionally, blood for IL-4 gene expression analysis was withdrawn at two time points with a median latency of 1.3 years. Patients were investigated in a PET scanner using the opioid receptor ligand F-18-fluoro-…