Search results for "DOF"
showing 10 items of 84 documents
The global politics of celebrity humanitarianism
2014
Idiosyncratic responses to simulated herbivory by root fungal symbionts in a subarctic meadow
2021
Plant-associated fungi have elementary roles in ecosystem productivity. There is little information on the interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal symbiosis, fine endophytic (FE) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi, and their host plants in cold climate systems. In particular, the environmental filters potentially driving the relative abundance of these root symbionts remain unknown. We investigated the interlinkage of plant and belowground fungal responses to simulated herbivory (clipping, fertilization, and trampling) in a subarctic meadow system. AM and FE frequency in the two target plant roots, Potentilla crantzii and Saussurea alpina, was unaffected by simulated he…
Toward Comprehensive Plant Microbiome Research
2020
Microbes have driven eco-evolutionary adaptations organizing biodiversity from the origin of life. They are ubiquitous and abundant, facilitating the biochemical processes that make Earth habitable and shape ecosystem structures, functions, and services. Recent studies reveal that commensalistic and beneficial microbes associated with wild and domesticated plants may aid in establishing sustainable agriculture for a changing climate. However, developing microbe-based biotechnologies and ecosystem services requires a thorough understanding of the diversity and complexity of microbial interactions with each other and with higher organisms. We discuss the hot and blind spots in contemporary re…
Glyphosate-based herbicide use affects individual microbial taxa in strawberry endosphere but not the microbial community composition
2023
AbstractAimsIn a field study, the effects of treatments of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) in soil, alone and in combination with phosphate fertilizer, were examined on the performance and endophytic microbiota of garden strawberry.Methods and resultsThe root and leaf endophytic microbiota of garden strawberries grown in GBH-treated and untreated soil, with and without phosphate fertilizer, were analyzed. Next, bioinformatics analysis on the type of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase enzyme was conducted to assess the potential sensitivity of strawberry-associated bacteria and fungi to glyphosate, and to compare the results with field observations. GBH treatments altered the abu…
Heritable Epichloë symbiosis shapes fungal but not bacterial communities of plant leaves
2019
Keystone microbial species have driven eco-evolutionary processes since the origin of life. However, due to our inability to detect the majority of microbiota, members of diverse microbial communities of fungi, bacteria and viruses have largely been ignored as keystone species in past literature. Here we tested whether heritable Epichloë species of pooidae grasses modulate microbiota of their shared host plant. peerReviewed
Tissue-Specific Dynamics in the Endophytic Bacterial Communities in Arctic Pioneer Plant
2020
The rapid developments in the next-generation sequencing methods in the recent years have provided a wealth of information on the community structures and functions of endophytic bacteria. However, the assembly processes of these communities in different plant tissues are still currently poorly understood, especially in wild plants in natural settings. The aim of this study was to compare the composition of endophytic bacterial communities in leaves and roots of arcto-alpine pioneer plant Oxyria digyna, and investigate, how plant tissue (leaf or root) or plant origin affect the community assembly. To address this, we planted micropropagated O. digyna plants with low bacterial load (bait pla…
Endosphere microbial community assemblage of an inland sand dune colonizing plant
2016
Plant-associated microbes could play a role in plant colonization of sand dune ecosystems, but microbes associated with plants colonizing those ecosystems in the arctic are poorly known. I characterized Deschampsia flexuosa-associated microbiomes in two successional stages (early and late) of arctic inland sand dune differ in their plant species richness and soil physiochemical properties. The work based on culturable microbes showed that different plant parts harbour generalist and specific groups of endosphere microbes and most of the endosphere bacteria were closely related to other cold habitat microbes. Also, most of the endosphere bacteria possessed an important plant growth promoting…
Fungal-Mediated Multitrophic Interactions - Do Grass Endophytes in Diet Protect Voles from Predators?
2010
Plant-associated micro-organisms such as mycotoxin-producing endophytes commonly have direct negative effects on herbivores. These effects may be carried over to natural enemies of the herbivores, but this has been rarely explored. We examined how feeding on Neotyphodium endophyte infected (E+) and endophyte free (E−) meadow ryegrass (Scherodonus pratensis) affects body mass, population size and mobility of sibling voles (Microtus levis), and whether the diet mediates the vulnerability of voles to least weasel (Mustela nivalis nivalis) predation. Because least weasels are known to be olfactory hunters, we also examined whether they are able to distinguish olfactory cues of voles fed on E+ a…
Endofītiskās mikrobiotas pārstādīšana kā metodiska pieeja melnā plūškoka Sambucus nigra L. mikrobiotas funkcionālās lomas raksturošanai
2022
Darba mērķis bija noskaidrot, vai endofītiskās mikrobiotas pārstādīšana, kā metodiska pieeja, var sniegt informatīvus rezultātus S.nigra mikrobiotas funkcionālās lomas raksturošanai. Tika pārbaudīta hipotēze, ka mikrobiotas pārstādīšana ietekmē melnā plūškoka audu ķīmisko sastāvu. In vitro pētījumā noteikta mikrobiotas transplantācijas ietekme uz plūškoka šūnu suspensiju kultūrām, kallusiem un in vitro dzinumu kultūrām, izvērtējot augšanas parametrus un kopējo flavonoīdu un fenolu satura. In situ pētījumos analizēta kopējās mikrobiotas pārstādīšanas ietekme uz savvaļas S.nigra ogu un ziedu dabisko endofītisko mikrobiotu un fitoķīmisko sastāvu. Novēroja mikrobiotas ietekmi uz melnā plūškoka …
Jaunu bioloģiskā mēslojuma preparātu izveide un testēšana veģetācijas eksperimentos ar miežiem (Hordeum vulgare L.) un rapsi (Brassica napus L.)
2016
Bioloģiskais mēslojums (BM) ir aktuāls zinātnes un lauksaimniecības temats, tomēr joprojām trūkst pētījumu par efektīvu BM izstrādi un testēšanu. Maģistra darba ietvaros noteikta trīs BM veidu efektivitāte. Mini-lauka izmēģinājumos testēta BM-K un BM-S bioloģisko mēslojumu, attiecīgi, ar kūdru un kaņepju salmiem kā mikroorganismu nesējiem, ietekme uz rapšu (Brassica napus L.) un miežu (Hordeum vulgare L.) attīstību. No iegūtā augu materiāla izolēti augu augšanu veicinoši mikroorganismi, un tos adsorbējot uz 16 veidiem bioogles iegūti trešā BM , t. i., BM-B prototipi. Siltumnīcas veģetācijas eksperimentā testēta BM-B prototipu ietekme uz miežiem. BM-K nebija būtiskas ietekmes uz augu augšanu…