Search results for "DOMAIN"
showing 10 items of 2485 documents
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the modulation of T-cell signalling
2009
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to modulate immune responses. These agents, being considered as adjuvant immunosuppressants, have been used in the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of n-3 PUFA-induced immunosuppressive effects are not well-understood. Since exogenous n-3 PUFA, under in vitro and in vivo conditions, are efficiently incorporated into T-cell plasma membranes, a number of recent studies have demonstrated that these agents may modulate T-cell signalling. In this review, the interactions of n-3 PUFA with the second messenger cascade initiated during early and late events of T-cell activati…
Epifluorescence microscopy studies of fatty acid monolayers: Domain formation induced by polymeric gegenions
1991
The monolayer behavior of long-chain fatty acids at the air/water interface on a poly(ethyleneimine) containing subphase was investigated. The interaction of the polymeric gegenions in the subphase leads to expanded states and permits the visualization of the aggregation behavior of different long-chain fatty acids via fluorescence microscopy. The monolayer morphologies and their variability were intensively studied by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the transfer of the complexed fatty acid monolayers to solid substrates has been investigated.
Affinity Cleavage of Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthetase I Localizes Regions of the Enzyme Interacting with the Molecule of ATP that Phosphorylates Carbam…
1995
Two ATP molecules are used in the reaction catalyzed by carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I. One molecule (ATPA) phosphorylates HCO3- and the other (ATPB) phosphorylates carbamate. Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I is a 160-kDa polypeptide consisting of a 40-kDa N-terminal moiety and a 120-kDa C-terminal moiety, the latter being composed of two similar halves of molecular mass 60 kDa. We showed [Alonso, E., Cervera, J., Garcia-Espana, A., Bendala, E. & Rubio, V. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 4524-4532] that Fe.ATP bound at the site for ATPB catalyzes the oxidative inactivation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I in a model oxidative system consisting of Fe3+, ascorbate, and O2, and we detected ATP…
Genetic Systems for Monitoring Interactions of Transmembrane Domains in Bacterial Membranes
2013
In recent years several systems have been developed to study interactions of TM domains within the inner membrane of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Mostly, a transmembrane domain of interest is fused to a soluble DNA-binding domain, which dimerizes in E. coli cytoplasm after interactions of the transmembrane domains. The dimeric DNA-binding domain subsequently binds to a promoter/operator region and thereby activates or represses a reporter gene. In 1996 the first bacterial system has been introduced to measure interactions of TM helices within a bacterial membrane, which is based on fusion of a transmembrane helix of interest to the DNA-binding domain of the Vibrio cholerae …
Removal of Chromophore-proximal Polar Atoms Decreases Water Content and Increases Fluorescence in a Near Infrared Phytofluor
2015
Genetically encoded fluorescent markers have revolutionized cell and molecular biology due to their biological compatibility, controllable spatiotemporal expression, and photostability. To achieve in vivo imaging in whole animals, longer excitation wavelength probes are needed due to the superior ability of near infrared light to penetrate tissues unimpeded by absorbance from biomolecules or autofluorescence of water. Derived from near infrared-absorbing bacteriophytochromes, phytofluors are engineered to fluoresce in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, although high quantum yield remains an elusive goal. An invariant aspartate residue is of utmost importance for photoconversion in…
The primary structural photoresponse of phytochrome proteins captured by a femtosecond X-ray laser
2020
Please check the README file for more information about the dataset.
The hedgehog receptor patched is involved in cholesterol transport.
2011
International audience; BACKGROUND: Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays a crucial role in growth and patterning during embryonic development, and also in stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration in adults. Aberrant Shh pathway activation is involved in the development of many tumors, and one of the most affected Shh signaling steps found in these tumors is the regulation of the signaling receptor Smoothened by the Shh receptor Patched. In the present work, we investigated Patched activity and the mechanism by which Patched inhibits Smoothened. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using the well-known Shh-responding cell line of mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3, we first observed that enhancement …
Global Cognitive Functioning versus Controlled Functioning throughout the Stages of Development
2020
According to the All or None Hypothesis (Diamond, 2009), the cognitive system can operate in a global manner that is not very discriminate or in a more discriminate mode that demands greater precision, control, and cognitive effort. There are five corollaries to this hypothesis that describe, in an operative way, the conditions under which the controlled mode of functioning in the cognitive domain can be activated and thus tested. Given the impact this theory has generated and the absence of studies analyzing the corollaries in a collective and systematic way at different stages of development, this study was proposed, first of all, to test three of these corollaries in children, adolescent…
Integrin α2β1 Mediates Isoform-Specific Activation of p38 and Upregulation of Collagen Gene Transcription by a Mechanism Involving the α2 Cytoplasmic…
1999
Two collagen receptors, integrins alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1, can regulate distinct functions in cells. Ligation of alpha1beta1, unlike alpha2beta1, has been shown to result in recruitment of Shc and activation of the Ras/ERK pathway. To identify the downstream signaling molecules activated by alpha2beta1 integrin, we have overexpressed wild-type alpha2, or chimeric alpha2 subunit with alpha1 integrin cytoplasmic domain in human osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2) lacking endogenous alpha2beta1. The chimeric alpha2/alpha1 chain formed a functional heterodimer with beta1. In contrast to alpha2/alpha1 chimera, forced expression of alpha2 integrin resulted in upregulation of alpha1 (I) collagen gene …
A High speed data link optimization for digitalized transfer to processing FPGA
2021
State-of-the-art arrays of detectors, that require digital processing, may have a sizeable number of digitalized signal links. This is the case in several experimental nuclear physics instruments. Moreover, the data rate of the sampled signals, defined primary by the signal bandwidth of the individual detectors, may not exhaust the capabilities of a single FPGA transceiver input. The preprocessing is usually carried out in a modern FPGA with transceiver data rate capabilities over 10Gbps. Moreover, cost effective FPGA have a limited number of transceivers for given FPGA processing capabilities. The investigation of a cost-effective and efficient solution to the mismatch between both data ra…