Search results for "DOP"
showing 10 items of 4870 documents
Objective measures of nasal function
1995
Numerous techniques to objectively measure nasal function are available to the rhinologic surgeon. Rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, laser Doppler flowmetry, saccharin transport time, determination of ciliary beat frequency, and olfactory and trigeminal event-related potentials are all techniques in current use. Rhinomanometry is the standard clinical tool used to indicate those patients complaining of nasal obstruction who are likely to benefit from septal and turbinate surgery. Acoustic rhinometry permits the precise localization of nasal stenoses and is the best predictor of a patient's postoperative satisfaction. It is, in addition, more sensitive than rhinomanometry in recording cha…
Echocardiographic assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction: Basic concepts, technical aspects, and clinical settings
2021
Abstract Coronary flow reserve is the capacity of the coronary circulation to augment the blood flow in response an increase in myocardial metabolic demands and has a powerful prognostic significance in different clinical situations. It might assess with invasive and noninvasive technique. Transthoracic echocardiography Doppler is an emerging diagnostic technique, noninvasive, highly feasible, safe for patient and physician, without radiation, and able to detect macrovascular and microvascular anomalies in the coronary circulation. This review aims to describe the benefit and limits of echocardiographic assessment of coronary flow reserve.
A peek inside the neurosecretory brain throughOrthopedialenses
2008
The wealth of expression and functional data presented in this overview discloses the homeogene Orthopedia (Otp) as critical for the development of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system of vertebrates. Specifically, the results depict the up-to-date portrait of the regulation and functions of Otp. The development of neuroendocrine nuclei relies on Otp from fish to mammals, as demonstrated for several peptide and hormone releasing neurons. Additionally, the activity of Otp is essential for the induction of the dopaminergic phenotype in the hypothalamus of vertebrates. Recent insights into the pathways required for Otp regulation have revealed the implication of the main extracellular signal…
Clinical and genetic characteristics of 21 Spanish patients with biallelic pathogenic SPG7 mutations.
2021
Spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7) is one of the most common hereditary spastic paraplegias. SPG7 mutations most often lead to spastic paraparesis (HSP) and/or hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA), frequently with mixed phenotypes. We sought to clinically and genetically characterize a Spanish cohort of SPG7 patients. Patients were recruited from our HCA and HSP cohorts. We identified twenty-one patients with biallelic pathogenic SPG7 mutations. Mean age at onset was 37.4 years (SD ± 14.3). The most frequent phenotype was spastic ataxia (57%), followed by pure spastic paraplegia (19%) and complex phenotypes (19%). Isolated patients presented with focal or multifocal dystonia, subclinical myopat…
Expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 and their tissue inhibitors in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropat…
2021
Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a heterogeneous family of endopeptidases that play a role in many physiological functions, including the immune response. An imbalance between the activity of MMPs and their physiological tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) has been proposed in the pathophysiology of different autoimmune disorders. We aimed to assess the plasmatic levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and -2 in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Subjects and methods: Twenty patients with CIDP and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were determined by the enzy…
Practical importance of neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease.
2003
Consensus could be reached that there is overwhelming evidence of preclinical neuroprotection. However, the evidence of neuroprotection/neurorescue under clinical conditions is limited. Lessons from clinical trials designed to show neuroprotection (selegiline, amantadine, dopamine agonists) demonstrate that with the drugs available neuroprotection/neurorescue has to start as early as possible. A PET-controlled clinical trial with ropinirole shows that there seems to be a good chance for neuroprotection in the early phase of Parkinson's disease in patients treated from the very beginning of the disease while there is no such benefit in patients with a late start of a neuroprotective therapeu…
Erfassung von Neurotransmitterinteraktionen mit PET und SPECT durch pharmakologische Challenge-Paradigmen
2000
Functional brain imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) enables the in vivo study of specific neurochemical processes in the context of normal regulatory mechanisms and pathophysiological alterations of the brain. By combining these methods with pharmacological challenge-paradigms, the study of functional interactions of different neurotransmitter systems is possible. This review will present data from animal and healthy volunteer studies as well as first data from investigations in different patient populations with regard to this research direction. Especially, interactions of different neurotransmitter systems with the d…
Acute Nicotine Induces Anxiety and Disrupts Temporal Pattern Organization of Rat Exploratory Behavior in Hole-Board: A Potential Role for the Lateral…
2015
Nicotine is one of the most addictive drugs of abuse. Tobacco smoking is a major cause of many health problems, and is the first preventable cause of death worldwide. Several findings show that nicotine exerts significant aversive as well as the well-known rewarding motivational effects. Less certain is the anatomical substrate that mediates or enables nicotine aversion. Here, we show that acute nicotine induces anxiogenic-like effects in rats at the doses investigated (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), as measured by the hole-board apparatus and manifested in behaviors such as decreased rearing and head-dipping and increased grooming. No changes in locomotor behavior were observed at any of …
Smokeless tobacco, sport and the heart
2014
SummarySmokeless tobacco (snuff) is a finely ground or shredded tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or placed between the cheek and gum. Chewing tobacco is used by putting a wad of tobacco inside the cheek. Smokeless tobacco is widely used by young athletes to enhance performance because nicotine improves some aspects of physiology. However, smokeless tobacco has harmful health effects, including cardiovascular disorders, linked to nicotine physiological effects, mainly through catecholamine release. Nicotine decreases heart rate variability and the ventricular fibrillation threshold, and promotes the occurrence of various arrhythmias; it also impairs endothelial-dependent vasodilation…
Regulation of NT Receptors after Chronic Treatment with Typical and Atypical Neuroleptic Drugs
1991
Neurotensin is a tridecapeptide, which produces central effects such as hypotension, hypothermia, muscle relaxation, analgesia, antinociception, and reduces locomotor activity (Nemeroff et al., 1977). In the recent years, several lines of evidences indicated the great importance of the dopamine (DA)- neurotensin (NT) interaction taking place mostly in the mesolimbocortical areas, both at cell bodies (A10 DA-ergic group located in the ventral tegmental area -VTA-) and nerve terminal level (cerebral cortex, n. accumbens, olfactory tubercle, ventral n. caudato-putamen) (Quirion, 1983; Nemeroff, et al., 1984; Nemeroff, 1986). Immunocytochemical data indicated the presence of NT-like immunoreact…