Search results for "DRY"
showing 10 items of 980 documents
Field non-destructive determination of nectarine quality under deficit irrigation
2021
This study investigated the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) at different fruit growth stages and tree orientation on fruit quality of ‘September Bright’ nectarines (Prunus persica L. Batsch). Control trees were fully irrigated throughout the entire fruit development period, whereas deficit irrigation was supplied at fruit growth stage I (cell division, DI-I), II (pit hardening, DI-II), IIIa (cell expansion, DI-IIIa) and IIIb (fruit maturation, DI-IIIb). Non-destructive measurements of fruit maturity and quality were carried out using portable devices based on near-infrared spectrometry and pigment fluorescence on west- and east-oriented trees of an Open Tatura system. Chlorophyll degrada…
Efficient Production of Isoflavonoids by Astragalus membranaceus Hairy Root Cultures and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Extracts
2014
In this study, Astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures (AMHRCs) were established as an attractive alternative source for the efficient production of isoflavonoids (IF). A. membranaceus hairy root line II was screened as the most efficient line and was confirmed by PCR amplification of rolB, rolC and aux1 genes. Culture parameters of AMHRCs were systematically optimized, and five main IF constituents were quali-quantitatively determined by LC-MS/MS. Under optimal conditions, the total IF accumulation of 34 day old AMHRCs was 234.77 μg/g dry weight (DW). This yield was significantly higher compared to that of 3 year old field grown roots (187.38 μg/g DW). Additionally, in vitro antioxidan…
Characterization of bile acids and fatty acids from ox bile in oil paintings by gas chromatography?mass spectrometry*1
2004
Characterization of ox bile, traditionally used in painting, is of interest in the fields of archaeometry and conservation and restoration of works of art. Bile acids, fatty acids (F), and cholesterol found in ox bile have been identified using a derivatization method that combines the formation of ethyl esters from the carboxylic groups and the trimethylsilyl ethers from hydroxyl groups. This method of analysis is consistent with these others proposed by the authors to analyze drying oils, proteins, and diterpenic resins usually used as binders and varnishes by the painters. Bile acids from binary samples such as animal glue/ox bile, casein/ox bile and Arabic gum/ox bile have been successf…
Spray Freeze Dried Lyospheres® for Nasal Administration of Insulin
2021
Pharmacologically active macromolecules, such as peptides, are still a major challenge in terms of designing a delivery system for their transport across absorption barriers and at the same time provide sufficiently high long-term stability. Spray freeze dried (SFD) lyospheres® are proposed here as an alternative for the preparation of fast dissolving porous particles for nasal administration of insulin. Insulin solutions containing mannitol and polyvinylpyrrolidone complemented with permeation enhancing excipients (sodium taurocholate or cyclodextrins) were sprayed into a cooled spray tower, followed by vacuum freeze drying. Final porous particles were highly spherical and mean diameters r…
Determination of SiO 2 in lime mud by gravimetry
1999
A simple and rapid method for the determination of SiO2 in lime mud used in current sulfate pulping practice is reported. The lime mud samples are treated three times with 2.5 mL of 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid. The samples are nearly evaporated to dryness two times and the third time to complete dryness. To determine the exact SiO2 content of the residue, it is treated with an excess of concentrated hydrofluoric acid and a little hydrochloric acid, and the silica is expelled as volatile silicon tetrafluoride. The sample treatments take about 1.5 h and the heating periods take a total of about 3.5 h. The SiO2 results were evaluated by analyzing National Institute of Standards and Technology St…
Multicomponent solid dispersion as a formulation strategy to improve drug permeation: A case study on the anti-colorectal cancer irinotecan
2019
Abstract Multicomponent solid dispersions (MSD)s are frequently proposed as efficient drug delivery systems to improve drug solubility and bioavailability. In this study, the effects of specific excipients, such as mannitol, inulin, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic)acid (PMMA) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) have been tested to potentially improve irinotecan (IRN) permeation in the intestinal tract with the intention to protect the drug from the gastric environment. MSDs were formulated as microparticles by Spray-Drying technique. Raw materials and microparticles have been characterized by FTIR analysis to determine hydrogen bonding. SEM images were recorded to investigate morp…
Optimization of iron speciation (soluble, ferrous and ferric) in beans, chickpeas and lentils
2001
Abstract A spectrophotometric method with bathophenanthroline for iron determination that makes it possible to differentiate between iron (II) and iron (III) in total soluble iron in legumes (beans, chickpeas and lentils) was optimized. Sample size, volumes of reducing agent and bathophenanthroline were selected. Matrix interferences made it necessary to apply the addition’s method. To check the quality of the method, linearity and precision (RSD%) were determined. A linear response between 0.1 and 1.8 μg Fe/ml in the assay and precision values ranging from 2.1 to 6 for instrumental precision, and from 1.6 to 1.7 and 2.7 to 9.1, for intra- and inter-day assays, respectively were obtained. T…
Influence of emulsion and powder size on the stability of encapsulated d-limonene by spray drying
2005
Abstract The microencapsulation of d -limonene by spray drying was investigated with respect to the effects of emulsion droplet size, powder particle size, as well as to the effects of various kinds of matrices (gum arabic, maltodextrin, and modified starch) on its stability. It was realized by studying release characteristics and oxidative stability during storage. The release and the oxidation decreased deeply with an increase in powder and emulsion particle size for gum arabic and maltodextrin materials. Further, the distributions of emulsion size in the powder showed an increase in the fraction of large emulsion droplets and changed to a bimodal distribution. However, the modified starc…
Properties of spray-dried food flavours microencapsulated with two-layered membranes: Roles of interfacial interactions and water
2012
International audience; Engineering the interface of oil-in-water emulsion droplets with biopolymers that modify its permeability could provide a novel technique to improve flavour retention in dry powders. The objective of this study was to determine if volatile compounds were more retained in dry emulsions stabilized by pea protein isolate (PPI)/pectin complex than that stabilized by PPI alone. The retention of ethyl esters during spray-drying increased with decreasing volatility of the encapsulated compound and ranged from 28% to 40%. The addition of pectin to feed emulsions was quite effective in markedly improving the retention of the three studied flavour compounds. In our previous wo…
Identification of lipid binders in paintings by gas chromatography
2001
Abstract The influence of the presence and the type of pigments in the lipid binding media of paintings were studied by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The drying oils were linseed stand oil, poppy oil and sunflower oil, and the pigments studied were cadmium red, cobalt blue, tin white, lead white, chalk and plaster of Paris, commonly used in paintings. The results indicate that the stearic/palmitic ratio and the presence of pigments are quite stable during ageing. However, some differences in the oleic acid/palmitic acid ratio were found, depending on the type of pigment present in the lipid binding media. These variations are related to the drying effect of the pigments…