Search results for "DSM-5"

Maladaptive Personality Traits and Their Interaction with Outcome Expectancies in Gaming Disorder and Internet-Related Disorders

2021

Gambling disorder and gaming disorder have recently been recognized as behavioral addictions in the ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition). The association between behavioral addictions and personality has been examined before, yet there is a lack of studies on maladaptive traits and their relationship to specific outcome expectancies. In study 1, we recruited a community sample (n = 365)

Prevalence and severity of eating disorders: A comparison of DSM-IV and DSM-5 among German adolescents.

2016

Objective Changes in the DSM-5 eating disorders criteria sought to increase the clarity of the diagnostic categories and to decrease the preponderance of nonspecified eating disorders. The first objective of this study was to analyze how these revisions affect threshold and EDNOS/OSFED eating disorder diagnoses in terms of prevalence, sex ratios, and diagnostic distribution in a student sample. Second, we aimed to compare the impairment levels of participants with a threshold, an EDNOS/OSFED and no diagnosis using both DSM-IV and DSM-5. Method A sample of 1654 7th and 8th grade students completed self-report questionnaires to determine diagnoses and impairment levels in the context of an ea…

Cognitive impairment and consumption of mental healthcare resources in outpatients with bipolar disorder.

2020

Cognitive dysfunction is a major predictor of functional outcomes, and loss of occupational functioning is usually linked with a higher cost of illness. However, the association between cognitive impairment and consumption of health resources has not been studied in bipolar disorder to date. This study aims to examine this relationship. This is an observational, retrospective study of a representative sample of euthymic outpatients between 18 and 55 years, fulfilling DSM 5 criteria for bipolar disorder and recruited at a catchment area in Spain. Cognitive performance was screened with the Spanish version of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-S), and several variables of…

The Positive Personality Model (PPM): Exploring a New Conceptual Framework for Personality Assessment.

2018

The aim of this paper is to explore a new framework for personality assessment that may function as sanity nosology of personality traits: the Positive Personality Model. The recent publication of DSM-5 created the opportunity to assess personality traits as dimensional constructs (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In Section III, five maladaptive personality traits are proposed as the maladaptive versions of Five Factor Model (FFM) traits (Costa and McCrae, 1985). This approach draws on the existing idea of conceptualizing pathological and typical personality traits as part of a continuum. It places DSM-5’s maladaptive traits in a sickness pole and FFM’s traits in a “typical” pole. …

A novel arousal-based individual screening reveals susceptibility and resilience to PTSD-like phenotypes in mice

2021

Translational animal models for studying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are valuable for elucidating the poorly understood neurobiology of this neuropsychiatric disorder. These models should encompass crucial features, including persistence of PTSD-like phenotypes triggered after exposure to a single traumatic event, trauma susceptibility/resilience and predictive validity. Here we propose a novel arousal-based individual screening (AIS) model that recapitulates all these features. The AIS model was designed by coupling the traumatization (24 h restraint) of C57BL/6 J mice with a novel individual screening. This screening consists of z-normalization of post-trauma changes in startle …

DSM-5 ¿Qué modificaciones nos esperan?

2013

La Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría (APA), antes de la publicación definitiva del Manual DSM-5, abrió un periodo de participación donde investigadores, clínicos, pacientes y familias pudieron aportar comentarios sobre la futura clasificación. En este periodo se recibieron más de 15.000 comentarios que han sido tenidos en cuenta por los grupos de trabajo encargados de la elaboración del manual. En este artículo queremos exponer algunos de los cambios propuestos en la nueva versión del sistema de clasificación diagnóstico DSM-5 y que ciertamente van a afectar a nuestra práctica diaria. Nos centraremos principalmente en los trastornos que se inician en la infancia, los denominados trastorno…

Internet gaming disorder or internet addiction? A plea for conceptual clarity

2014

Prevalence of Catatonia and Its Moderators in Clinical Samples: Results from a Meta-analysis and Meta-regression Analysis

2017

Catatonia is an independent syndrome that co-occurs with several mental and medical conditions. We performed a systematic literature review in PubMed/Scopus until February 2017 and meta-analyzed studies reporting catatonia prevalence. Across 74 studies (cross-sectional = 32, longitudinal = 26, retrospective = 16) providing data collected from 1935 to 2017 across all continents, mean catatonia prevalence was 9.0% (k = 80, n = 110 764; 95% CI = 6.9-11.7, I2 = 98%, publication bias P < .01), decreasing to 7.8% (k = 19, n = 7612, 95% CI = 7-8.7, I2 = 38.9%) in a subgroup with low heterogeneity. Catatonia prevalence was 23.9% (k = 8, n = 1168, 95% CI = 10-46.9, I2 = 96%) in patients undergoin…

Prevention of eating disorders-Efficacy and cost-benefit of a school-based program ("MaiStep") in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

2021

Objective Given the severity of eating disorders, effective and easily implementable prevention programs which reduce incidence rates and in addition have health-economic benefits are essential. The majority of research on prevention programs focuses on questionnaire-based efficacy or the reduction of eating disorder symptoms while neglecting the health-economic perspective. By contrast, the present study focuses on both an efficacy analysis considering diagnostic criteria (DSM-5) and on evaluating the cost-benefit of a universal prevention program for eating disorders ("MaiStep"). Method A three-arm randomized controlled trial with baseline, posttreatment and 12-month follow-up was conduct…

RELACIÓN ENTRE EL PROCESAMIENTO SENSORIAL Y LA SEVERIDAD DE LA SINTOMATOLOGÍA EN UNA MUESTRA DE NIÑOS CON TEA

2014

Abstract:RELATION BETWEEN SENSORY PROCESSING AND SEVERITY OF SYMPTOMS IN A SAMPLE OF CHILDREN WITH ASDThe new DSM-5 criteria include the alterations of sensory perception as a new diagnostic criterion to consider in the ASD population. Considering the inclusion of this new approach, the purpose of this study is to compare the features of sensory processing among a group of children (from 5 to 8 years old) with and without ASD. In addition to this, in the case of the ASD group, possible relationships between the sensory processing and the severity of symptoms, assessed by the GARS-2, are analyzed. To do this, the parents of 84 children (41 with ASD diagnosis and 43 with typical development),…