Search results for "Dam"

Exploit biodiversity in viticultural systems to reduce pest damage and pesticide use, and increase ecosystems services provision: the BIOVINE Project

2018

Organic vineyards still rely on large external inputs to control harmful organisms (i.e., pests). The BIOVINE project aims to develop natural solutions based on plant diversity to control pests and reduce pesticide dependence. The capability of plants of increasing the ecosystem resistance to pests and invasive species is a well-known ecosystem service. However, monocultures (including vineyards) do not exploit the potential of plant diversity. BIOVINE aims to develop new viticultural systems based on increased plant diversity within (e.g., cover crops) and/or around (e.g., hedges, vegetation spots, edgings) vineyards by planting selected plant species for the control of arthropods, soil-bo…

Are soils suppressive to fungal diseases the sources of biocontrol agents ?

2014

Soils suppressive to soil-borne diseases are defined by a low disease incidence in spite of the presence of a virulent pathogen and a susceptible plant. In many cases, the inhibition of the disease development relies on the activity of the resident soil microbiome. Suppressiveness can be transmitted to conducive soil by mixing a small amount of suppressive soil into the conducive one. To identify microbial taxons linked to the suppressive phenotype of soils, culture independent-based methods have been employed to analyze and compare microbial diversities in two different soils suppressive (respectively conducive) to either Fusarium wilt of flax or Rhizoctonia diseases of sugar beet. Metagen…

Le réchauffement climatique diminue-t-il le risque de dégâts par le gel pour les cultures de climat tempéré ?

2014

Does global warming reduce the freezing injury risk to temperate climate crops? Winter crop response to a temperature increase is complex. Recent works point out, for cold climate vegetation, a paradoxical increase in freezing injury in a warming climate. Complementary works are needed to support these results for winter crops in temperate areas. To achieve this goal, five climatic records spanning a fifty years-long period for both daily minimum and maximum temperatures were analyzed with a model predicting frost hardiness and freezing damage for the winter pea crop. The methodological approach was based on three main steps: 1) the climate warming analysis of the 1987/1988 temperature shif…

Impact du système endocannabinoïdien sur la physiologie de l'obésité : effets de l'antagonisme des récepteurs CB1 sur le métabolisme glucido-lipidiqu…

2010

The endocannabinoïd system (ECS) is involved in many biological functions such as regulation of energy metabolism. Recently, several studies have shown an association between obesity and ECS overactivity. In addition, specific CB1R antagonists such as Rimonabant (SR141716) improved metabolic parameters in obese patients essentially through inactivation of central CB1R. However, peripheral CB1R inactivation could also contribute to the improvement of these parameters and it is this notion that we have studied. To this purpose, we tested the effects of SR141716 on obese mice in order to establish relationships between the ECS activity and lipid metabolism by looking more specifically to its r…

Modelling codling moth damage as a function of adult monitoring and crop protection: A survival generalized linear mixed model approach with time var…

2008

 ; The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is responsible for most insecticide treatments in pear and apple orchards. In a context of reduction in pesticide use, we aim at better understanding factors that affect codling moth damage intensity. We modelled the link between the proportion of damaged fruits and both constant covariables (type of orchard: pear or apple, organic or not, with or without mating disruption) and time-varying covariables (weekly counts of adults and number of insecticide treatments). Observations were collected in 40 orchards in south-eastern France. We found that damage intensity increased with the number of adults trapped. An analysis of the random orchard effect indica…

Recherche d'indicateurs de la résistance des sols aux maladies d'origine tellurique

2014

Micro-organismes et interactions biotiques. Chapitre 11

2011

Partie 3: Les habitats microbiens: diversité, adaptation et interactions; National audience

Micro-organismes et interactions biotiques

2011

International audience

Tracking Ideal Varieties and Cropping Techniques for Agroecological Weed Management: A Simulation-Based Study on Pea.

2022

Book of abstract p.110-111; International audience; Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a key diversification crop but current varieties are not verycompetitive against weeds. The objective of this study was to identify, depending on the typeof cropping system and weed flora, (1) the key pea parameters that drive crop production,weed control and weed contribution to biodiversity, (2) optimal combinations of peaparameter values and crop-management techniques to maximise these goals. For this, virtualexperiments were run, using FLORSYS, a mechanistic simulation model (Colbach et al., 2021,Field Crops Res 261:108006). This individual-based 3D model simulates daily crop-weed seedand plant dynamics over t…

Das Bleigewicht aus dem Hofareal der Fürstin von Vix auf dem Hochplateau des Mont Lassois.

2021

Das Bleigewicht aus dem Hofareal der Fürstin von VixDer Mont Lassois bei Vix, Dép. Côte d’Or, zählt neben der Heuneburg zu den am besten erforschten Fürstensitzen imfrühkeltischen Westhallstattkreis. 1953 wurde das späthallstattzeitliche Fürstinnengrab von Vix entdeckt. Im Rahmendes deutsch-französischen Forschungsprojektes »Keltische Fürstensitze westlich des Rheins« (1991-1997) und desfranzösischen PCR-Projektes (Projet collectif de recherche) »Vix et son environnement« (seit 2002) mit Beteiligungder Universitäten Dijon, Kiel, Wien und Zürich wurden die Altgrabungen (1930-1974) wieder aufgenommen. Bei derUntersuchung des späthallstattzeitlichen Hofareals der Fürstin von Vix auf dem Hochpl…