Search results for "Damages"
showing 10 items of 72 documents
Decision Making and Optimization for Inspection Planning under Parametric Uncertainty of Underlying Models
2013
Certain fatigued structures must be inspected in order to detect fatigue damages that would otherwise not be apparent. A technique for obtaining optimal inspection strategies is proposed for situations where it is difficult to quantify the costs associated with inspections and undetected failure. For fatigued structures, for which failures (fatigue damages) are only detected at the time of inspection, it is important to be able to determine the optimal times of inspection. Fewer inspections will lead to lower fatigue reliability of the structure upon demand, and frequent inspections will lead to higher cost. When there is a fatigue reliability requirement, the problem is usually to develop …
Can international environmental cooperation be bought?
2010
In this paper a two-stage game of international environmental agreement formation with asymmetric countries is analytically solved. The equilibrium of the game makes it possible to determine the size and composition of a stable agreement. Two cases are studied. In the first case, countries differ only in abatement costs, while in the second case, they differ in environmental damages. In both cases, two different institutional settings, one without transfers and another with transfers, are considered. The results establish that the asymmetry assumption has no important effects on the scope of cooperation in comparison with the symmetric case if transfers are not used or abatement costs repre…
Tradición romanística y perspectivas de reforma en sede de cláusula penal
2012
El autor analiza el tratamiento legal de la cláusula penal en el Derecho civil español, con especial atención a la regulación que ofrece el Código civil en los artículos 1152 a 1154, las diferentes funciones que la cláusula penal cumple y el distinto régimen presente en la Lex 518 del Fuero Nuevo de Navarra, lo cual evidencia el dualismo habido en el sistema jurídico español entre el Derecho civil común (representado por el Código civil) y el derecho foral o especial (representado por distintas compilaciones de ámbito regional). La regulación del Código civil español configura la pena contractual en primer término como sustitutiva de la indemnización de daños y perjuicios prevista en el art…
The publication of news about the results of R+D+I. How do Spanish researchers perceive it?
2018
El objetivo de este estudio es conocer cúal es la percepción que tienen los investigadores de las universidades españolas sobre el impacto que generan, sobre sus carreras profesionales, las noticias científicas que se publicancon los resultados de sus actividades de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i). Para ello, se han seleccionado los datos obtenidos por una encuesta online realizada en el año 2016 de 602 investigadores y profesionales de la comunicación científica de 20 universidades de España, teniendo único requisito que alguna de sus publicaciones hubiera sido objeto de —al menos— una nota de prensa difundida por su universidad en los últimos cinco años. Para el…
The Management of Water Resources during Drought in Southern Italy
1999
The aim of this paper is to describe how one of the most severe droughts of the century in Sicily has brought awareness of the insufficiency of the water resources system supplying Palermo, due not only to the lack of timely infrastructural measures, but also of an appropriate decisional framework. The experienced shortage has directed research efforts to overcome this problem. As a matter of fact, the 1989–90 drought gave clear evidence of how an heavy hydrologic failure can result in a real crisis depending on the system which suffers from it. Unplanned urban expansion and increased demands levels, mixed with the lack of a drought-oriented water managenment, have produced considerable dis…
Traditional Architecture and seismic security. Earthquake in the Madonie inner mountain area of Sicily: damages and construction techniques
2017
Tra il 1818 e il 1819 una serie di centri siciliani concentrati nell'area montuosa delle Madonie, furono colpiti a più riprese da una sequenza di scosse sismiche che provocarono numerosi danni all’edificato storico, sia diffuso che di pregio. Il contributo intende indagare i danni e le conseguenti ricostruzioni, con particolare riferimento alle tipologie edilizie e alle tecniche costruttive adottate prima e dopo il sisma. L'azione di verifica e monitoraggio delle condizioni delle fabbriche e i conseguenti interventi di consolidamento e riparazione sono efficacemente documentati in testi a stampa e nei report coevi al sisma e –soprattutto- da una copiosa documentazione archivistica. Si ident…
Pricing the homebuyer's countryside view
2008
In most developed nations big cities are expanding ever farther into the countryside. Rural populations are growing, whether with workers - commuters or the self-employed - retired people, or temporary residents. In France a "periurbanization" movement began in Ile-de-France in the 1960s and spread to the large provincial cities in the next decade before becoming a nationwide phenomenon (Le Jeannic 1997; Schmitt et al. 1998; Cavailhès and Schmitt 2002). So successful was this movement that by 1999 33% of the land area of France was periurban with 12.3 million people living there. Progression from 1990 to 1999 was remarkable, with the area concerned increasing by half (more than 6 million he…
Il risarcimento del danno provocato dall’amministrazione nazionale per violazione della disciplina sulla qualità dell’aria: una questione ancora aper…
2023
La correlazione esistente tra inquinamento e godimento dei diritti umani appare, oggi giorno, chiara ed innegabile, ciò che invece appare decisamente più complesso è stabilire quali siano le conseguenze di questa correlazione sotto il profilo strettamente giuridico. Da un lato, infatti, occorre verificare se, ed eventualmente in che misura, gli effetti nocivi dell’inquinamento possano essere qualificati come violazioni dei diritti umani da sanzionare e risarcire. Dall’altro lato, è necessario chiarire se, ed eventualmente in che misura, gli effetti nocivi dell’inquinamento, in quanto qualificati come violazioni dei diritti umani, possano essere imputati allo Stato o ad altri enti pubblici c…
Oxidative damages in cho-k1 cells treated with beauvericin
2013
Pour une approche cognitive et multiscalaire des conflits environnementaux
2011
Starting with artificial light as new object damage and emerging environmental problem, this paper intends to develop a general reflection showing the importance of a greater consideration of cognitive dimensions of the damage and risk analysis in environmental conflicting processes. We show how the cost-benefit analysis after the neoclassical theory of production, often used in the search for Pareto-optimal state and in the policies of monetary compensation to resolve environmental conflicts can - indeed must - be strongly challenged. Also, with this reasoning, we oppose an analysis in terms of cognitive interactions that groups develop around environmental goods and items of damage, thus …