Search results for "Decision making"
showing 10 items of 492 documents
Research in China
2009
My stay in China began in November 1985 with a lecture at the opening of the Max Planck Guest Laboratory in the Institute of Cell Biology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Shanghai (Hennig, 2000). It marked the beginning of 23 years of research and teaching at the Institute of Cell Biology and other universities throughout China. > Looking back after 23 years, the changes that have taken place in China could not have been predicted in 1985… In January 2001, I accepted a long‐term lectureship offered by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD; Bonn, Germany), which, with further support from CAS, allowed me to create my own research group within the Shanghai Institutes for Biolo…
Time flies when you maximize - Maximizers and satisficers perceive time differently when making decisions
2013
Three experiments assessed whether maximizing and satisficing decision-making types were associated with differences in perception of time, as a consequence of their different cognitive workloads. Findings showed that maximizers and satisficers perceived time differently during decision-making, but not during other tasks. In particular, compared to satisficers, maximizers tended to underestimate time while choosing, independently of the number of options and the specific task requirements. Satisficers instead tended to underestimate time only when the number of options or the task requirements were more challenging. Our findings suggest that the perception of time may serve as a measure of …
Social and motivational functioning is not critically dependent on feedback of autonomic responses: neuropsychological evidence from patients with pu…
2004
Social, emotional and motivational behaviours are associated with production of automatic bodily responses. Re-representation in the brain through feedback of autonomic and skeletomuscular arousal is proposed to underlie "feeling states". These influence emotional judgments and bias motivational decision-making and guide social interactions. Consistent with this hypothesis, dissocial behaviour and deficits on emotional and motivation tasks are associated with blunted bodily responses in patients with orbitofrontal brain lesions or developmental psychopathy. To determine the critical dependence of social and emotional behaviours on bodily responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system, w…
Nudging to prevent the purchase of incompatible digital products online: An experimental study.
2017
Ensuring safe and satisfactory online shopping activity, especially among vulnerable consumers such as elderly and less educated citizens, is part of a larger set of consumer policy objectives seeking to strengthen trust in the electronic marketplace. This article contributes to that goal by testing the effectiveness of nudges intended to prevent the purchase of 'incompatible' digital products (i.e., those which cannot be used with the devices owned by consumers or the systems they operate). We ran a computerised lab experiment (n = 626) examining three types of nudges, the effects of age and education, and interaction effects between these variables and the nudges. Results show that emotiv…
Surgical evaluation of panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography for therapy planning of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the ja…
2015
The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical significance of panoramic radiography (orthopantomography [OPTG]) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for therapy planning of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) by surgeons.Using standardized questionnaire, eight maxillofacial surgeons evaluated intraoral photographs of the clinical situation of 14 patients with BRONJ as well as the corresponding radiographic images (OPTG, CBCT). The presence of five typical BRONJ signs (bone-remodeling, periosteal reaction, osteosclerosis, sequestra, and continuity of cortical bone) was evaluated with OPTG and CBCT. The influence of radiologic information on thera…
Does Tonal Information Affect the Early Stages of Visual-Word Processing in Thai?
2014
Thai offers a unique opportunity to investigate the role of lexical tone processing during visual-word recognition, as tone is explicitly expressed in its script. In order to investigate the contribution of tone at the orthographic/phonological level during the early stages of word processing in Thai, we conducted a masked priming experiment—using both lexical decision and word naming tasks. For a given target word (e.g., ห้อง/hᴐ:ŋ2/, room), five priming conditions were created: (a) identity (e.g., ห้อง/hᴐ:ŋ2/), (b) same initial consonant, but with a different tone marker (e.g., ห่อง/hᴐ:ŋ1/), (c) different initial consonant, but with the same tone marker (e.g., ศ้อง/sᴐ:ŋ2/), (d) orthograph…
Factors associated with the orthopaedic surgeon's decision to recommend total joint replacement in hip and knee osteoarthritis: an international cros…
2018
Summary Objective To determine factors associated with orthopaedic surgeons' decision to recommend total joint replacement (TJR) in people with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). Design Cross-sectional study in eleven countries. For consecutive outpatients with definite hip or knee OA consulting an orthopaedic surgeon, the surgeon's indication of TJR was collected, as well as patients' characteristics including comorbidities and social situation, OA symptom duration, pain, stiffness and function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]), joint-specific quality of life, Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) joint space narrowing (JSN) radiographi…
Does Top-Down Feedback Modulate the Encoding of Orthographic Representations During Visual-Word Recognition?
2016
Abstract. In masked priming lexical decision experiments, there is a matched-case identity advantage for nonwords, but not for words (e.g., ERTAR-ERTAR < ertar-ERTAR; ALTAR-ALTAR = altar-ALTAR). This dissociation has been interpreted in terms of feedback from higher levels of processing during orthographic encoding. Here, we examined whether a matched-case identity advantage also occurs for words when top-down feedback is minimized. We employed a task that taps prelexical orthographic processes: the masked prime same-different task. For “same” trials, results showed faster response times for targets when preceded by a briefly presented matched-case identity prime than when preceded by …
Single-Target Implicit Association Tests (ST-IAT) Predict Voting Behavior of Decided and Undecided Voters in Swiss Referendums
2016
Undecided voters represent a major challenge to political pollsters. Recently, political psychologists have proposed the use of implicit association tests (IAT) to measure implicit attitudes toward political parties and candidates and predict voting behavior of undecided voters. A number of studies have shown that both implicit and explicit (i.e., self-reported) attitudes contribute to the prediction of voting behavior. More importantly, recent research suggests that implicit attitudes may be more useful for predicting the vote of undecided voters in the case of specific political issues rather than elections. Due to its direct-democratic political system, Switzerland represents an ideal pl…
Game creativity analysis using neural networks.
2008
Experts in ball games are characterized by extraordinary creative behaviour. This article outlines a framework for analysing types of individual development of creative performance based on neural networks. Therefore, two kinds of sport-specific training programme for the learning of game creativity in real field contexts were investigated. Two training groups (soccer, n=20; field hockey, n=17) but not a control group (n=18) improved with respect to three measuring points (P0.001), although no difference could be established between the two training groups (P=0.212). By using neural networks it is now possible to distinguish between five types of learning behaviour in the development of per…