Search results for "Decision-making"
showing 10 items of 309 documents
Quality assurance of decision-making in conversations between professionals and non-professionals: identifying the presence of deliberative principles
2012
The ideal of dialogue is at stake in professional conversations. The aim of this study is to develop an instrument that makes it possible to compare principles of deliberation with what actually takes place in professional conversations. The developed instrument is tested on one patient's conversation with his doctor about lifestyle changes, and meetings where pupils with learning disabilities and their parents discuss further schooling with school representatives. Although in need of refinement, the conclusion is that the instrument provides meaningful insight into how much each participant 'contributes' to the decision-making process and 'behaves' during the conversation.
A qualitative emancipatory inquiry into relationships between people with mental disorders and health professionals
2020
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: A therapeutic alliance with people with mental disorders could help increase the efficacy of treatment. The paradigm shift from a paternalistic model to one that respects the person's autonomy has led to professionals accepting the active role of people with mental disorders making decisions that affect their treatment. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: People with mental disorders perceive paternalistic and stigmatizing attitudes from health professionals, and they do not feel involved in decisions about their health, which can render effective therapeutic alliances difficult. The findings reveal that although people in Mediterranean countries are …
The analysis of urban travellers’ latent preferences to explain their mode choice behaviour
2012
Our research aims to explore the impact of latent variables, mirroring urban travellers’ attitudes and perceptions, on the individual decision making process regarding the mode of transport. The paper describes the first results of an ongoing research activity, which derive from a pilot study conducted in Palermo, the capital of the Sicilian Region (in the south of Italy), and demonstrate that policy makers, in designing a socially desirable and environmentally sustainable urban mobility system, should take into account how travellers perceive the qualitative dimensions of transport.
Validation of the Italian version of the abbreviated expanded prostate Cancer index composite (EPIC-26) in men with prostate Cancer
2019
Abstract Background This study aims to validate and evaluate the psychometric properties and reliability of the Italian version of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite – Short Form (EPIC-26), a measure of quality of life (QoL) for prostate cancer patients. Methods Two hundred and eighty-four prostate cancer patients completed the Italian version of the EPIC-26 questionnaire at 45 days (T1) and 3 months (T2) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Psychometric properties were evaluated using structural equation modeling: the goodness of fit of the correlated five-factor model (CFFM) for the EPIC-26 was assessed using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while longitudin…
Measuring and Evaluating Intergenerational Mobility: Evidence from Students’ Questionnaires
2005
Three fundamental ideas in the study of intergenerational mobility are those of structural mobility, origin independence and rank reversal. We review the theoretical literature focused on the three ideas and present evidence from a questionnaire designed to test students’ views regarding the different notions. The questionnaire is conducted under both a “measurement” and an “evaluation” frame; it uses questions involving both verbal statements of the principles tested and pairwise comparisons of simple hypothetical mobility situations; for the latter exercise, the questionnaire introduces a new intuitive display based on mobility trees. The evidence provides various results: most notably, o…
The mathematics textbook at tertiary level as curriculum material – exploring the teacher's decision-making process
2016
AbstractThis paper reports on a study about how the mathematics textbook was perceived and used by the teacher in the context of a calculus part of a basic mathematics course for first-year engineering students. The focus was on the teacher's choices and the use of definitions, examples and exercises in a sequence of lectures introducing the derivative concept. Data were collected during observations of lectures and an interview, and informal talks with the teacher. The introduction and the treatment of the derivative as proposed by the teacher during the lectures were analysed in relation to the results of the content text analysis of the textbook. The teacher's decisions were explored thr…
Uncertain outcome presentations bias decisions: experimental evidence from Finland and Italy
2016
Even in their everyday lives people are expected to make difficult decisions objectively and rationally, no matter how complex or uncertain the situation. In this research, we study how the format of presentation and the amount of presented information concerning risky events influence the decision-making process, and the propensity to take risk in decision makers. The results of an exploratory survey conducted in Finland and in Italy suggest that decision-making behavior changes according to the way the information is presented. We provide experimental evidence that different representations of expected outcomes create distinct cognitive biases and as a result affect the decisions made. Th…
Design and implementation of the DAP 360º tool for the assessment of risk and vulnerability in childhood and adolescence
2023
Introducción. El maltrato a la infancia y la adolescencia es un problema a nivel mundial que tiene graves consecuencias que pueden durar toda la vida. La detección y evaluación eficaz del maltrato infantil se considera esencial para facilitar el proceso de toma de decisiones profesional. No obstante, en la actualidad, la descentralización de la atención, la falta de rigurosidad científica y objetiva en los diagnósticos y las evaluaciones parciales y fragmentadas pueden dificultar la adopción de medidas de protección efectivas. Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar el proceso de diseño de la herramienta DAP 360º, creada para colaborar en el juicio profesional para la evaluación …
Quantum planning for swarm robotics
2023
Computational resources of quantum computing can enhance robotic motion, decision making, and path planning. While the quantum paradigm is being applied to individual robots, its approach to swarms of simple and interacting robots remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we attempt to bridge the gap between swarm robotics and quantum computing, in the framework of a search and rescue mission. We focus on a decision-making and path-planning collective task. Thus, we present a quantum-based path-planning algorithm for a swarm of robots. Quantization enters position and reward information (measured as a robot’s proximity to the target) and path-planning decisions. Pairwise information-exchan…
Sampling of pairwise comparisons in decision-making
2019
Various decision-making techniques rely on pairwise comparisons (PCs) between the involved elements. Traditionally, PCs are provided by experts or relevant actors, and compiled into pairwise comparison matrices (PCMs). In highly complex problems, the number of elements to be compared may be very large. One of the issues limiting PC applicability to large-scale decision problems is the so-called curse of dimensionality, that is, many PCs need to be elicited from an actor, or built from a body of information. In general, when applied to a set of n elements to be compared, the number of PCs that have to be made is n(n−1)/2. When the information in the comparison matrix is complete, the priorit…