Search results for "Demography"

Cross the streams. multiproxy approaches to demography and population dynamics

2018

In the last decades, approaches dealing with demographic assessments based on archaeological data have experienced enormous popularity. One reason for this is certainly that almost all aspects of past societies, which are archaeologically interesting, are re- lated to the question of the size of these societies. A variety of different methods have developed in this course. These include the number of sites per time period and relative site density, size of sites, density of artefacts, 14C data, paleoanthropological or paleo- botanical methods as well as oral and written history. While most investigations rely on only one of the methods, linking of different proxies is the only way to check …

Kin interactions and population growth

2011

Similarities and Differences of Mental Health in Women and Men: A Systematic Review of Findings in Three Large German Cohorts

2021

In Germany, large, population-based cohort studies have been implemented in order to identify risk and protective factors for maintaining health across the life span. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse findings from three large ongoing cohorts and to identify sex-specific prevalence rates, risk and protective factors for mental health. Published studies from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region Augsburg (KORA), the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) and the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)), representing the southern, north-eastern and middle parts of Germany, were identified through searches of the databases PubMed and Web of Science. A total of 52 articles was ident…

Relación entre el consumo de sustancias tóxicas y el uso del preservativo

2019

En los últimos años ha habido un repunte en las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Tradicionalmente, se asociaban las ITS a ciertos colectivos. Sin embargo, se observa que esta acentuación se da en diferentes grupos poblacionales, y es debida principalmente a las conductas sexuales de riesgo que se realizan, las cuales son exacerbadas por ciertos factores, como el consumo de sustancias tóxicas, la baja percepción de riesgo o la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. El principal objetivo es comprobar la relación existente entre el consumo de sustancias y el uso del preservativo en distintas prácticas sexuales. Como objetivos secundarios, se estudiarán estas mismas relaciones en función del…

Predictors of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults: the role of socio-demographic variables and COVID-19 anxiety

2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate factors related to the mental health of Peruvian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study had a cross-sectional and observational design. A total of 274 older adults in Lima, Peru (Mage = 67.86) filled out a sociodemographic survey, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Mental Health Inventory-5, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 item, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was estimated to test an a priori model that relates the sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 Anxiety, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. The model fit indices indicated a good fit to the data. The socio-demographic variables …

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Measures on Quality of Life among Italian General Population

2021

The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world in the year 2020 has put a strain on our ability to cope with events and revolutionized our daily habits. On 9 March, Italy was forced to lockdown to prevent the spread of the infection, with measures including the mandatory closure of schools and nonessential activities, travel restrictions, and the obligation to spend entire weeks in the same physical space. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on quality of life (QoL) in a large Italian sample, in order to investigate possible differences in QoL levels related to both demographic and pandemic-specific variables. A total of 2251 Italian a…

Les scolarités des enfants d'immigrés de la sixième au baccalauréat : différenciation et polarisation des parcours

2009

09024; Texte soumis à publication dans une revue à comité de lecture; Cet article revisite le débat sur la réussite scolaire des enfants d'immigrés en France, à partir du panel d'élèves entrés en 6ème en 1995 et suivis pendant dix ans. L'analyse complète des scolarités dans le secondaire, à travers les performances à l'entrée et à la fin du collège, les orientations au lycée puis les diplômes obtenus, fournit une image contrastée de ces parcours. Les élèves issus de l'immigration ont un niveau bien plus faible que les français d'origine à l'entrée en 6ème. Une grande partie des inégalités se joue dès le primaire, mais elles ne se creusent pas au collège. Les enfants de la seconde génération…

Ramadan During Pregnancy – Fasting, Nutrition, Sleep Patterns and Offspring Health at Birth: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020

Background: Intrauterine exposure to Ramadan is associated with adverse offspring health outcomes. Yet, the dynamics behind these associations remain largely unexplored. We investigate if maternal intermittent fasting or other lifestyle changes during Ramadan affect birth outcomes, and determine whether nutritional and sleep behavior during non-fasting hours influences the fasting-birth weight association. Methods: Linear regressions are estimated using OLS to identify the associations between fasting, sleep behavior, sweets consumption and birth weight, 5-minute APGAR score and gestational age. Interaction terms between fasting and other behaviors are included to explore the potential mode…

Factors influencing caries status and treatment needs among pregnant women attending a maternity hospital in Udaipur city, India.

2012

To estimate the prevalence and severity of dental caries along with the treatment needs; to determine the factors that influence dental caries status among pregnant women attending a district maternity hospital in Udaipur, India. Study design: Study sample comprised of 206 pregnant women attending a district maternity hospital in Udaipur, India. Clinical data were collected on dental caries by DMFT and treatment needs as described in World Health Organization Dentition status and Treatment needs. Results: The overall caries prevalence was 87%. Mean caries experience differed significantly among women in various trimesters, it was found to be 3.59 and 3.00 in 1st and 2nd trimester subjects r…

Maternal Metabolic Health Parameters During Pregnancy in Relation to Early Childhood BMI Trajectories

2018

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between maternal metabolic parameters and early childhood BMI trajectories. Methods Two thousand two hundred fifty-one children born in Spain between 2004 and 2008 were analyzed. Five BMI z score trajectories from birth to age 4 years were identified by using latent class growth analysis. Multinomial regression assessed the associations between maternal metabolic parameters and offspring's BMI trajectories. Results Children in the reference BMI trajectory had average size at birth followed by a slower BMI gain. Maternal prepregnancy obesity was associated with trajectories of accelerated BMI gain departing from either hi…