Search results for "Demography"

Populist demand, economic development and regional identity across nine European countries: exploring regional patterns of variance

2019

Today, populism has gradually become one of the most talked about, most studied phenomena, both within and beyond academia. Most studies of populism focus on its conceptualisation, operationalisation, measurement or its outcomes. However, adding to the growing empirical analysis of populism, we propose to study populism as a regional-level phenomenon and explain regional patterns of variation in the populist demand. To do so, we develop a series of theoretical arguments from, which we subsequently test empirically. Specifically, we argue that higher levels of regional populism demand are associated with (i) economic hardship, (ii) strong institutional autonomy, (iii) strong territorial iden…

Importance des récentes variations pluviométriques à Djibouti et besoins de quantification de leurs impacts

2014

Ces dernières décennies, l’Afrique de l’Est souffre d’une longue et lente détérioration pluviométrique. De 2007 à 2011, la ville de Djibouti a enregistré un déficit de 73% des précipitations moyennes annuelles par rapport à la moyenne de 30 ans (1981-2010). Pour caractériser la sécheresse actuelle, nous analysons une série pluviométrique reconstruite pour Djibouti-Ville de 1901 à 2013, les données de terrain permettant d’illustrer les impacts de ces variations pluviométriques. Les précipitations enregistrées à Djibouti ne présentent aucune tendance sur le long terme (1901-2013). Par contre, ces dernières années montrent une très grande variabilité: le suivi de la moyenne pluviométrique sur …

Diploma Effects by Gender in the Spanish Labour Market

2006

.  The aim of this paper is to contrast the nature of the schooling effect on earnings in the Spanish labour market in terms of gender. Hungerford and Solon's (Review of Economics and Statistics 69: 175–177, 1987) methodology is used to distinguish between the returns to schooling arising from mere years of schooling as a reflection of their productivity-enhancing contribution (human capital) and the returns to schooling arising from certificates (diploma effects) as signals of the individual's productivity (sheepskin effects) or as credentialism. The results show evidence only of diploma effects in Upper Secondary Studies for men.

Developmental trajectories of school burnout: Evidence from two longitudinal studies

2014

Abstract To examine school burnout trajectories, in Study 1, 15-year-old adolescents ( N  = 614) completed the School Burnout Inventory twice during their final term of comprehensive school and twice after the transition to upper secondary high school or vocational school. In Study 2, school burnout in 17-year-old adolescents was measured twice annually ( N  = 575) during their upper secondary education. In Study 1, growth mixture modeling for school burnout yielded a four-latent-group solution: 60% of the adolescents showed a low and stable level of school burnout, 29% increasing burnout, 3% strongly increasing burnout and 8% high-decreasing school burnout. In Study 2, we identified two la…

2021

European children and adolescents spend most of their daily life and especially their school hours being sedentary which may increase their risk for chronic non-communicable diseases later in life. After the curriculum reform of Finnish basic education in 2014, most of the new or renovated comprehensive schools in Finland incorporate open and flexible classroom designs. Their open learning spaces may provide students opportunities to reduce sedentary behavior during school hours. Thus, waist-worn accelerometers were used to assess classroom-based sedentary time (ST), the number of breaks from sedentary time (BST), and physical activity (PA) among cross-sectional samples of 3rd and 5th grade…

Predictors of decline in self-assessments of health among older people--a 5-year longitudinal study.

2001

Within the framework of the Evergreen project we examined how changes in several indicators of health and functioning and physical activity predicted a decline in self-assessments of health evaluated over a 5-year period in older people by two different measurements: self-rated health (SRH) and self-assessed change in health (SACH). The study group comprised all 75-year-old persons born in 1914 (N = 382) and living in Jyvaskyla, a town in central Finland. At baseline in 1989, 91.6%, and at follow-up 5 years later in 1994, 87.3% of those eligible participated in the interview and 77.2 and 71.3%, respectively, in the examinations in the study centre, focusing on different domains of health an…

Muscle Cross-Sectional Area and Structural Bone Strength Share Genetic and Environmental Effects in Older Women

2009

The purpose of this study was to estimate to what extent muscle cross-sectional area of the lower leg (mCSA) and tibial structural strength are influenced by common and trait-specific genetic and environmental factors. pQCT scans were obtained from both members of 102 monozygotic (MZ) and 113 dizygotic (DZ) 63- to 76-yr-old female twin pairs to estimate the mCSA of the lower leg, structural bending strength of the tibial shaft (BSIbend), and compressive strength of the distal tibia (BSIcomp). Quantitative genetic models were used to decompose the phenotypic variances into common and trait-specific additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and individual environmental (E) effects. The …

A Perspective on Aging in Rotifers

1980

Most research on aging in rotifers has been performed with populations, not with individuals. As a consequence, the dependent variable in these studies is usually either mean lifespan or rate of survivorship. After a brief consideration of the literature published since the last major review (King, 1969), the results of a series of experiments are presented. Males and females of three genetically distinct clones of Brachionus plicatilis were used for a factorial life table analysis at three different temperatures. The results of these experiments indicate several potential problems in using populations to study the aging process of individuals. These problems derive from the fact that lifes…

Comparative statistical studies on the physical anthropology of the late Medieval period (A.D. 1000–1500)

1984

Continuing previous studies on preceding temporal periods, a total of 162 skeletal series from the late Medieval period are analysed. The dendrogram reveals an east cluster as in the other periods but a west cluster is not evident possibly because western Europe is represented by very few series. Moreover, we find a Scandinavian and a Turk cluster. Regional or ethnic pooling of the original series gives an affinity structure which is more influenced by geographic proximity than by ethnic relation. This structure predominantly reflects differentiations of skull width and length and to a lesser degree of facial height. The diachronic trend appears again, but in this period there is only a sli…

Temporal Series Analysis on Avoidable Mortality for the Assessment of an Intervention Program in a Hospital

2017

Background: Avoidable mortality (AM) is one of the most important health indicators (HI) and represents the quality of care in a hospital.Objective: This study measured the efficacy of a training program for a hospital healthcare staff to reduce AM.Methods: This epidemiological study on community intervention analyzed time-series data on HI by semesters from 2008 to 2015. The pre-intervention phase was examined from January 2008 to December 2014; the intervention phase was investigated in the first semester of 2015; and the post-intervention phase was examined in the second semester of 2015.Results: Resindicate a series with a rising tendency until the 14th semester and a pronounced descent…