Search results for "Density"

showing 10 items of 4402 documents

Why do Electron-Deficient Dienes React Rapidly in Diels?Alder Reactions with Electron-Deficient Ethylenes? A Density Functional Theory Analysis

2004

The Diels−Alder reaction of the electron-deficient (ED) dimethyl 2,3-dimethylenesuccinate with two electron-rich (ER) and two ED ethylenes has been studied at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. The analysis of the geometry and electronic structure of the transition state of the reaction with the ED dimethyl 2-methylenemalonate along with the analysis of the global and local electrophilicity indices of the reagents provide an explanation of the participation of this ED diene as nucleophile against powerful electrophiles in polar Diels−Alder reactions. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)

chemistry.chemical_compoundReaction mechanismDieneNucleophileChemistryElectrophilic additionComputational chemistryOrganic ChemistryElectrophileDensity functional theoryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryElectron deficiencyCycloadditionEuropean Journal of Organic Chemistry
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Reaction Mechanism of an Intramolecular Oxime Transfer Reaction: A Computational Study

2014

Density functional theory (PBE0/def2-TZVPP) calculations in conjunction with a polarizable continuum model were used to assess the mechanism of the intramolecular oxime transfer reaction that leads to the formation of isoxazolines. Different diastereomers of the intermediates as well as different oximes (formaldehyde and acetone oxime) were considered. The computed reaction profile predicts the water-addition and -expulsion steps as the highest barriers along the pathway, a conclusion that is in line with the experimental evidence obtained previously for these reactions.

chemistry.chemical_compoundReaction mechanismchemistryIntramolecular forceOrganic ChemistryDiastereomerFormaldehydeDensity functional theoryPhotochemistryOximeta116Polarizable continuum modelAcetone oximeThe Journal of Organic Chemistry
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DFT Theoretical Study on the Reaction Mechanism of the Nitrate Radical with Alkenes:  2-Butene, Isobutene, 2-Methyl-2-butene, and 2,3-Dimethyl-2-bute…

2000

A general mechanism for the reactions of the NO3 radical with 2-butene, isobutene, 2-methyl-2-butene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene is proposed on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculati...

chemistry.chemical_compoundReaction mechanismchemistryNitrate2-Methyl-2-buteneDensity functional theoryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryPhotochemistry2-ButeneThe Journal of Physical Chemistry A
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Theoretical Study of the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azomethine Ylides. A DFT Study of Reaction between Trifluoromethyl Thiomethyl Azometh…

1999

The molecular mechanism for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of trifluoromethyl thiomethyl azomethine ylide with acronitrile has been characterized using density functional theory methods with the B3L...

chemistry.chemical_compoundTrifluoromethylchemistryComputational chemistryOrganic Chemistry13-Dipolar cycloadditionMolecular mechanismAzomethine ylideDensity functional theoryCycloadditionThe Journal of Organic Chemistry
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Comparison of the molecular structure and spectra of benzene and borazine

1970

Ab initio SCF MO and CI calculations for two different gaussian basis sets are carried out for the isoelectronic molecules benzene C6H6 and borazine B3N3H3 in order to investigate the effect of increasing the flexibility in the representation of their respective π systems. In the process it is found from comparison of orbital charge density contour diagrams and inner shell orbital energies of borazine with analogous data for other systems that the BN bonds of this compound are considerably less polar (B+N−) than that of ammonia borane BNH6 (B−N+). CI calculations employing the larger basis set produce generally better agreement with the experimental transition energies of benzene than do th…

chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryBorazineAb initioCharge densityMoleculeChiropracticsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAtomic physicsBenzeneExcitationBasis setSpectral lineTheoretica Chimica Acta
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Evaluation of the factors affecting direct polarization solid state (31)P-NMR spectroscopy of bulk soils

2008

Summary 31 P-NMR spectroscopy on bulk soils is a powerful tool for the identification of the different phosphorus forms in soils and for the evaluation of the dynamics of soil P. Up to now the majority of the papers dealt with liquid state 31 P-NMR spectroscopy on soluble soil organic substances. Only few papers were addressed to the study of the different phosphorus forms directly in bulk soils. In the present paper, some organic and inorganic phosphates of known structures, which are likely to be present in soil systems, were studied by direct polarization (DP) magic angle spinning (MAS) 31 P-NMR spectroscopy in order to understand the electronic factors responsible for chemical shifts of…

chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryCovalent bondChemical shiftSoil waterAnalytical chemistryMagic angle spinningSoil ScienceMoleculeOrganic chemistrySpectroscopyPhosphateElectronic density
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Racemattrennung, Kristallstruktur und histaminartige Wirkung von 4-[1-(2-Aminoethylthio)ethyl]-5-methylimidazol

1983

Es wird die Racemattrennung von 4-[1-(2-Aminoethylthio)ethyl]-5-methylimidazol (1) mittels optisch aktiver Di-O-(p-toluoyl)weinsaure sowie die histaminartige Wirksamkeit der Enantiomeren beschrieben. Von (+)-1 · 2HCl · H2O wurde die Kristallstruktur bestimmt und bis zu einem R-Wert von 0.0483 verfeinert. Danach ist (+)-1R-konfiguriert. Von den beiden Enantiomeren besitzt nur (S)-(−)-1 H1-agonistische Aktivitat. Resolution, Crystal Structure, and Histamine-like Activity of 4-[1-(2-Aminoethylthio)ethyl]-5-methylimidazole The resolution of racemic 4-[1-(2-aminoethylthio)ethyl]-5-methylimidazole (1) using optically active Di-O-(P-toluoyl)tartaric acid as well as the histamine-like activity of t…

chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryOrganic ChemistryResolution (electron density)Tartaric acidCrystal structurePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryEnantiomerOptically activeMedicinal chemistryLiebigs Annalen der Chemie
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Gold assisted oxygen dissociation on a molybdenum-doped CaO(001) surface

2016

Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we address the adsorption of O2 and the coadsorption of gold species and oxygen molecules on a Mo-doped CaO(001) surface with 1.25% impurity concentration. With the help of the Born–Haber thermodynamic cycle, the enhanced binding of an oxygen molecule on Ca(Mo)O is attributed to energy gain owing to simultaneous electron transfer from the dopant to the molecule and lattice relaxations. We consider three coadsorption structures for an Au atom and O2 molecule with different Au–O2 distances. The calculations demonstrate that the coadsorption structures take one electron from the dopant and the O–Au–O chain structure is thermodynamically more …

chemistry.chemical_element010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesOxygenCatalysisDissociation (chemistry)oxygen dissociationCondensed Matter::Materials Sciencesymbols.namesakeElectron transferAdsorptionComputational chemistry0103 physical sciencesPhysics::Atomic and Molecular ClustersMoleculePhysics::Chemical Physics010306 general physicsta116ta114DopantChemistrygold0104 chemical sciencesGibbs free energyChemical physicssymbolsDensity functional theoryCatalysis Science & Technology
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l-Arabinose Conformers Adsorption on Ruthenium Surfaces: A DFT Study

2012

Adsorption of 5 L-arabinose tautomers – one acyclic and four cyclic (α and β, pyranose and furanose) species – on a ruthenium surface was studied as a precursor-process of the, nowadays more and more, industrially important sugar catalytic hydrogenation on metal surfaces in water medium. The study was mostly referred to a 37-atom metal catalyst fragment, even though border-effects on the adsorption processes were also checked employing a 61-atom metal fragment. In order to figure out conformational effects on the title process the tautomer flexibility was, at first, investigated by the genetic-algorithm based code Balloon, considering the conformational spaces of the different aquo tautomer…

chemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesMetalAdsorptionComputational chemistryPhysical and Theoretical Chemistryl-Arabinose species conformational analysis ruthenium catalysts adsorption energies DFT studiesConformational isomerismchemistry.chemical_classification021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyFuranoseTautomer0104 chemical sciencesSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsRutheniumGeneral EnergyPyranosechemistrySettore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganicavisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumDensity functional theory0210 nano-technologyThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C
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Excited State N−H Tautomer Selectivity in the Singlet Energy Transfer of a Zinc(II)-Porphyrin-Truxene-Corrole Assembly

2017

International audience; An original corrole-containing polyad for S-1 energy transfer, in which one zinc(II)-porphyrin donor is linked to two free-base corrole acceptors by a truxene linker, is reported. This polyad exhibits a rapid zinc(II)-porphyrin*free-base corrole transfer (4.83x10(10)s(-1); 298K), even faster than the tautomerization in the excited state processes taking advantage of the good electronic communication provided by the truxene bridge. Importantly, the energy transfer process shows approximately 3-fold selectivity for one corrole N-H tautomer over the other even at low temperature (77K). This selectivity is due to the difference in the J-integral being effective in both t…

chemistry.chemical_elementDexter energy transferZinccore-modified corroles010402 general chemistryPhotochemistry7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesmain-group elements[ CHIM ] Chemical SciencesCatalysisfree-base corroleschemistry.chemical_compoundmolecular-orbital methods[CHIM]Chemical SciencesSinglet stateCorrolecorrolesdensity-functional theoryvalence basis-setsphotophysical propertiestautomerization010405 organic chemistrytruxenesensitized solar-cellsOrganic ChemistryGeneral ChemistryTautomerPorphyrin0104 chemical scienceschemistrymesosubstituted corrolesExcited stateFRETextended basis-setsSelectivityLinker
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