Search results for "Detoxification"

Activity of the adenylyl cyclase in lymphocytes of male alcoholic patients is state dependent.

1998

A decreased basal and/or stimulated activity of the G-protein/adenylyl cyclase (AC) system in peripheral blood cells has been proposed to represent a trait marker for alcoholism. However, AC activity may underlie state-dependent changes, which may impair a proper interpretation of AC activity measurements. Our study examined systematically the AC activity in peripheral lymphocytes of 73 male alcohol-dependent patients (according to DSM-IV criteria) at three different time points of measurement during the clinical course of detoxification (day 0 = at admission, while still ethanol-affected; day 2 = at the presumed peak of withdrawal symptoms; day E = after detoxification). Basal and stimulat…

Adenylyl cyclase activity is increased in younger, but decreased in older, alcoholic patients after detoxification.

2000

Acute and chronic administration of ethanol leads to alterations of the adenylyl cyclase (AC) signal transduction pathway. This study examined whether the formation of cAMP by AC in lymphocytes correlates with age in alcoholic patients and in healthy controls. Blood was drawn for preparation of lymphocyte membranes and for determination of basal, GTPgammaS-stimulated, and forskolin-stimulated AC activity from 68 actively drinking alcoholic patients (age, mean +/- SD: 45 +/- 10; range: 26-69 years) after ethanol detoxification. The patients' AC activity correlated negatively with age. In contrast, no effect of age was observed in the healthy controls (age, mean +/- SD: 42 +/- 11; range: 24-6…

Oxidative stress and xenobiotic detoxification enzymes in rat astrocytes: Correlations with brain aging

2012

Meeting Abstract; International audience

Influence of DNA damage and repair upon the risk of treatment related leukemia

2008

Therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) are malignancies occurring after exposure to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Several studies have addressed cumulative dose, dose intensity and exposure to specific agents of preceding cytotoxic therapy in relation to the risk of developing such leukemia. Since only a small percentage of patients exposed to cytotoxic therapy develop t-MDS/AML, it has been suggested that some genetic predisposition may be involved, specifically associated to polymorphisms in certain genes involved in chemotherapy/radiotherapy response - fundamentally genes intervening in drug detoxification and DNA synthesis and repair. A review is made …

Detoxification of fumonisins by isothiocyanates

2012

Proteomic analysis highlights the role of detoxification pathways in increased tolerance to Huanglongbing disease.

2016

Background Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is still the greatest threat to citriculture worldwide. Although there is not any resistance source in the Citrus germplasm, a certain level of moderated tolerance is present. A large-scale analysis of proteomic responses of Citrus may help: 1) clarifying physiological and molecular effects of disease progression, 2) validating previous data at transcriptomic level, and 3) identifying biomarkers for development of early diagnostics, short-term therapeutics and long-term genetic resistance. Results In this work we have conducted a proteomic analysis of mature leaves of two Citrus genotypes with well-known differing tolerances to HLB: Navel orange (highl…

Mechanisms of Toxification and Detoxification which Challenge Drug Candidates and Drugs

2007

Almost all drugs are metabolized in the human organism. In most cases this changes the toxicity, sometimes by toxification, sometimes by detoxification. For obvious ethical reasons, the toxicity cannot be experimentally studied in human beings. In systems available for toxicity studies such as whole animals or human or animal cells in culture, the drug metabolism is substantially different from that in the human organism. Risk assessment for human therefore requires knowledge of drug metabolism, its differences between systems, and the consequences for toxicity. In phase 1 of drug metabolism (oxidoreductions and hydrolyses) drugs are often toxified. This is especially the case if the result…

The role of metallothionein and selenium in metal detoxification in the liver of deep-sea fish from the NW Mediterranean Sea

2014

8 pages, 1 figure, 5 tables

Isolation and Characterization of a New Less-Toxic Derivative of the Fusarium Mycotoxin Diacetoxyscirpenol after Thermal Treatment

2011

Trichothecenes are an important class of mycotoxins that act as potent protein synthesis inhibitors in eukaryotic organisms. The compound 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol is highly toxic for plants and animals. Potatoes are especially prone to be contaminated with 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol after infection with Fusarium sambucinum. In the current study, the reduction of 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol during thermal treatment in aqueous solution was monitored. A new derivative was detected and named DAS-M1. After isolation, DAS-M1 was characterized with LC-HR-MS and LC-MS/MS and structurally elucidated with (1)H, (13)C, and 2D NMR. Potatoes were inoculated with F. sambucinum, and the infected potatoes were coo…

Effects of sublethal exposure to lead on levels of energetic compounds in Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852).

1994

Lead is neither essential nor beneficial to living organisms; all existing data show that its metabolic effects are adverse. Lead is toxic to all phyla of aquatic biota. Most of the lead discharged into surface water is rapidly incorporated into suspended and bottom sediments. The American red crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, lives in a wide range of environmental conditions that include highly polluted waters. Lead present in take sediments can be available to aquatic animals such as P. clarkii because it is a detritivor and burrow into the sediment. In fact, we found remarkable levels of lead in tissues of P. clarkii caught in Albufera Lake and kept 15 days in clean water (e. g. 223 [mu]g/g…