Search results for "Development economics"
showing 10 items of 243 documents
Baltijos trynukai? Emigracija, migracija ir atsakas krizei
2021
Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama migracijos ir ekonominio vystymosi sankirta, kaip viena aktualiausių problemų, su kuriomis susiduria Baltijos šalys. Pasinaudojus empirine prieiga, lyginami vyriausybių veiksmai esant ekonominei 2008 metų krizei. Straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip jie išryškėjo socioekonominę dinamiką atskleidžiančioje statistikoje. Tyrime taikomi lyginamosios statistikos ir antrinių duomenų analizės metodai. Visos trys valstybės patiria panašių ateities iššūkių: visuomenės senėjimas ir gyventojų skaičiaus mažėjimas, tuo tarpu emigrantų sugrįžimas matomas kaip viena iš priemonių, galinčių padėti šias problemas spręsti. Estijoje vykstantys procesai leidžia manyti, kad jos Vyriausybe…
Conflict and the Evolution of Societies
2012
The Malthusian theory of evolution disregards a pervasive fact about human societies: they expand through conflict. When this is taken account of the long-run favors not a large population at the level of subsistence, nor yet institutions that maximize welfare or per capita output, but rather institutions that maximize free resources. These free resources are the output available to society after deducting the payments necessary for subsistence and for the incentives needed to induce pro- duction, and the other claims to production such as transfer payments and resources absorbed by elites. We develop the evolutionary underpinnings of this model, and examine the implications of free resourc…
Drivers of CO2 emissions in the former Soviet Union: A country level IPAT analysis from 1990 to 2010
2013
There are a small number of countries that have managed to decrease emissions over the last two decades e most of them emerged from the FSU (former Soviet Union ). CO2 emissions for these countries combined have decreased by 35% between 1990 and 2010, while global emissions increased by 44%. Most studies investigate the FSU as a single block ignoring the significant and persistent diversity among countries in the region. This study is the first providing detailed country by country analyses determining factors for changes in post-Soviet republics by applying a disaggregated version of the commonly used (IPAT) index decomposition analysis including energy intensity, affluence industrializati…
Kyrgyzstan: Language Situation
2006
Kyrgyzstan is a Central Asian country that achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Its main linguistic groups are speakers of Kirghiz, Uzbek, and Russian; its official languages are Kirghiz and Russian. In the first years of independence, numerous non-Kirghiz speakers, particularly Russians, left the republic, whereas the Kirghiz-speaking population increased. Though Russian still dominates public life, the efforts to protect and promote Kirghiz have been successful. The Kirghiz generally maintain a high degree of mastery of their language. The part of the Ferghana Valley that belongs to Kyrgyzstan has a predominantly Uzbek population.
Employment and Local Development Policies as Instruments of Social Inclusion: An Empirical Evaluation of Their Scope
2012
¿Podemos afirmar que las políticas activas por y para el empleo y el desarrollo local son verdaderas políticas de lucha contra la pobreza y la exclusión social, o tan sólo son actuaciones de evitación de estas? A partir de algunos de los resultados más destacados obtenidos en una investigación en curso en la Universitat de València, el presente artículo pretende realizar una aproximación empírica al estado de la cuestión aportando una serie de factores para el debate, tales como: el verdadero grado de intervención social que plantean las políticas activas de empleo, lo estático del modelo, la repetitividad casi automática de los programas en los que se materializan las mismas, la falta de a…
Transitions in European land-management regimes between 1800 and 2010
2015
Land use is a cornerstone of human civilization, but also intrinsically linked to many global sustainability challenges—from climate change to food security to the ongoing biodiversity crisis. Understanding the underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers of land-use change, and how they play out in different environmental, socio-economic and cultural contexts, is therefore important for identifying effective policies to successfully address these challenges. In this regard, much can be learned from studying long-term land-use change. We examined the evolution of European land management over the past 200 years with the aim of identifying (1) key episodes of changes in land …
Examining the impact of visa restrictions on international tourist flows using panel data: Un análisis con datos de panel
2016
Using newly panel data on visa restrictions for the years 2000 and 2010 in a theory-grounded gravity model, we find a robust, causal negative impact of visa restrictions on international tourist flows. By destination, the detrimental impact of this type of barrier is observed for tourists going to developing countries (with the exception of East and South Asia), but not for those to developed ones. By country of origin of tourists, the impact of visa restrictions appears to be the same for tourists coming from developed and developing countries. These findings have important consequences in policy terms for tourism management at a regional level.
Crisis, economic policy and inequality in Spain
2015
Este trabajo analiza el impacto social que tanto el colapso económico como las políticas desplegadas durante la crisis han producido en España. Esta crisis ha puesto de manifiesto la fragilidad del crecimiento económico español. Además, tanto las medidas de austeridad adoptadas a partir de 2010 como las reformas en el mercado de trabajo y el Estado de Bienestar han empeorado las condiciones de vida de la población. La consecuencia de estos años de crisis y política económica es un aumento explosivo del paro, la reducción de los ingresos personales, la intensificación de la desigualdad y el aumento de la pobreza. This paper analyses the social impact of both the economic collapse and policie…
Crisis response strategies in Finland and Spain
2017
Crises are common in today's unpredictable environment rising the importance of crisis response strategies. Two societies in Europe are chosen: Finland, where trust in society is generalized to institutions, and Spain, where trust in society remains on the level of individuals. Using the results of the European Communication Monitor 2013 survey on crisis communication, we explored three hypotheses: “certain types of crises are often met with certain types of strategies,” “cultural context makes some crises more likely than others,” and “cultural context makes some response strategies more likely than others.” We find evidence for all three hypotheses and discuss our findings about perceived…
Social orphanhood in Latvia
2014
The reform processes and the developments of social policy to solve the major social problems of the socially vulnerable population, among them, children in particular, take place in Latvia during the last 20 years. Protection of children rights is declared one of the strategic priorities of the state social policy. At the same time the problem of child neglect and child abandonment in Latvia has not yet been sufficiently conceptualized. Already since 1990-ies Latvian society has clearly faced with an objective necessity of solving problems of child abandonment in connection with an increasing number of social orphans. The situation was complicated by the fact that the formation of a fundam…