Search results for "Development"
showing 10 items of 26949 documents
Impact of text availability and question format on reading comprehension processes
2017
Abstract We conducted two experiments to analyze how text availability and question format affect readers’ processes and performance on measures of expository text reading comprehension. Junior high school students read expository texts and answered both multiple choice and open-ended questions on a computer that recorded reading times and readers’ actions with Read&Answer software. The results showed that readers reread prior text segments during initial reading of the text more often when they knew that the text would be unavailable when answering questions than when they knew that the text would be available. In addition, readers made more search decisions in the text- available conditio…
Students’ multiple state goals as a function of appraisals, trait goals, and their interactions
2017
Abstract Although many motivational theories have emphasized that person- and situation-based aspects should be recognized simultaneously when explaining actual learning behavior, not much is known about the occurrence of state goals. The model of adaptive learning (Boekaerts & Niemivierta, 2000) proposes that state goals are influenced by trait goals, perceptions of the situation (i.e., appraisals), and interactions between trait goals and appraisals. Nevertheless, empirical evidence for this model is scarce. The present study aimed to overcome this research deficit by integrating trait goals and appraisals as well as their interactions in explaining state goals in authentic learning episo…
The Impact of Personality and Motivation on Immersion in Simulation Games
2020
The cognitive-motivational process model of learning describes how personality traits in a specific situation influence current learner motivation and through certain mediators, the learning outcome. This study investigates the influence of personality traits and current motivation on these mediators. For 86 high school students playing a simulation game, the Big Five, the need for cognition, current motivations, immersion, and joy of learning were measured. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that need for cognition, interest, and challenge significantly and positively impacts the experienced immersion. Also, the joy of learning correlates positively with immersion. The adapted model…
Smartphone usage among older adults
2021
Abstract Problematic smartphone usage, associated with impaired daily functioning, has gained increased attention among researchers. However, extant research is focusing on adolescents and younger adults. This paper investigates smartphone usage among older adults, of which less is known. To do so, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 154 smartphone users (60+ years) in Norway using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). We examined the contributing roles of loneliness, habit, social influence, emotional gain, fear of missing out, self-control, and problematic smartphone usage. We further investigated how older adults engage with their smartphones. Our findings suggest that older adult…
¿Depende el desarrollo de la RAN de la edad de inicio de la lectoescritura?
2018
Antecedentes:La habilidad del alumno para nombrar rápidamente estímulos familiares (RAN) es un factor implicado en el rendimiento lector evaluable de forma indiscriminada a lo largo de los primeros años de escolarización. El objetivode este estudio, pues, es analizar si la adquisición de dicha habilidad depende de variables relacionadas con una iniciación temprana a la lecto-escritura o si su desarrollo se relaciona con factores de madurez cronológica. Método: Para ello se aplicó la prueba RAN a 71 niños de 6-7 años croatas (cultura en la que la iniciación a la lectura es más tardía); a 44 niños de 4-5 años españoles (equiparando los dos grupos por edad de inicio de la lecto-escritura) y a …
Investigating effects of reading medium and reading purpose on behavioral engagement and textual integration in a multiple text context
2019
Abstract The study addressed to what extent behavioral engagement and textual integration may differ when undergraduate readers work with identical printed versus digital texts in preparation for an exam versus for pleasure. We expected that working with printed texts would lead to greater engagement and better integration than working with digital texts, but that reading purpose would moderate this effect of reading medium because those reading in preparation for an exam would display greater engagement and better integration regardless of reading medium. Results showed interaction effects of reading medium with reading purpose on the behavioral engagement indicators of reading time and th…
Effects of reading real versus print-out versions of multiple documents on students? sourcing and integrated understanding
2018
Abstract This study investigated the extent to which students’ sourcing and comprehension can be supported by the reading of real, as opposed to print-out versions of multiple documents. It was found that the reading of real rather than print-out versions of multiple documents on the issue of climate change increased students’ memory for source information and made them include more specific references to document sources in argument essays that they wrote about the issue. In turn, such increased sourcing in essays mediated the positive effect of reading real versus print-out versions of documents on students’ construction of coherent representations of the documents’ content information. T…
Toddlers as ignorant citizens: An explorative study of conflicts and negotiations involving toys in kindergarten
2020
This article explores conflicts among toddlers in kindergarten and the impact of toys in these conflicts. The author describes these interactions as part of how children develop and express their citizenship, and argues that staff members should hesitate before interfering with rules in order to prevent such conflicts. This is based on Mouffe’s theory of democracy as agonistic pluralism and the way Biesta argues for the term ‘ignorant citizen’. The child is an ignorant citizen due to their lack of predefined ways to behave when obstructions and agonisms occur during play. Hence, children’s non-verbal negotiations about toys can be interpreted as political experiments.
Does reading medium affect processing and integration of textual and pictorial information? A multimedia eye-tracking study
2020
Abstract This study investigated effects of reading medium (print vs. digital) on integrative processing and integrated understanding of an illustrated text on human sexuality, as well as whether reading medium indirectly affected integrated understanding via integrative processing. Participants were 100 undergraduate and graduate students in educational sciences. Integrative processing was indicated by participants’ gaze transitions between complementary textual and pictorial parts of the document during reading, and integrated understanding was indicated by participants’ integration of textual and pictorial information in post-reading written responses. Results showed that participants wh…
Best friends in adolescence show similar educational careers in early adulthood
2012
The present study investigated the role of best friends in educational career development from adolescence to adulthood. Participants' (N = 476) reciprocal best friendships were identified at age 15, while their educational attainment was investigated in early adulthood (age 26), their intelligence (IQ) at age 13, and parental education, educational expectations and academic achievement at age 16. The results revealed that adolescent best friends ended up pursuing similar educational careers in adulthood. Furthermore, three kinds of partner-effects were found when adolescents' prior career behaviors were controlled for: (1) best friends' intelligence predicted adolescents' later academic pe…