Search results for "Development"
showing 10 items of 26949 documents
Human olfactory communication: current challenges and future prospects
2020
Although anthropologists frequently report the centrality of odours in the daily lives and cultural beliefs of many small-scale communities, Western scholars have historically considered the sense of smell as minimally involved in human communication. Here, we suggest that the origin and persistence of this latter view might be a consequence of the fact that most research is conducted on participants from Western societies who, collectively, were ratherold(adults),deodorizedanddesensitized(ODD) to various aspects of olfactory perception. The view is rapidly changing, however, and this themed issue provides a timely overview of the current state-of-the-art on human chemocommunication. Based …
Value Co-Creation and Co-Destruction in an IS Artifact: Contradictions of Geocaching
2016
In this paper we study how value co-creation and value co-destruction are present in an IS artifact. We apply the concept of contradiction (structural tension) to study an IS artifact, geocaching. Based on the analysis of interview data and discussion forum postings, we identified the following contradictions: i) introducing secret society to outsiders, ii) geocaching by breaking its rules, iii) experiencing nature while consuming it, iv) building community occurs with competition. These contradictions show that value co-creation and co-destruction interacts in this IS artifact. Based on the results, we propose that IS research should adopt the concepts of value co-creation and co-destructi…
Personality predicts social dominance in female zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, in a feeding context.
2011
6 pages; International audience; Although personality has been defined as a suite of correlated behaviours, most studies of animal personality actually consider correlations between a few traits. We examined the repeatability and correlational structure of five potential personality traits (activity, neophobia, exploratory tendencies, risk-taking behaviour and obstinacy), in female zebra finches. In addition, we assessed to what extent personality influenced social dominance in a feeding context in this gregarious species. All personality traits were found to be highly repeatable within individuals. In addition, except for obstinacy, all of them were related to each other, thus defining a b…
Interactive effects of state anxiety and trait anxiety on emotional Stroop interference
2001
This study examined main, interaction, and quadratic effects of state and trait anxiety on attentional bias toward threat related stimuli. Students (n=121) completed a card version of an emotional Stroop task. While there were no main effects for trait anxiety or state anxiety, regression analyses revealed a significant contribution of the interaction term of both variables. Only for individuals high in trait anxiety, was state anxiety positively related to Stroop interference. In contrast, the low anxious group showed the opposite response pattern. A quadratic effect of trait anxiety was also found but the interaction term proved to be the most important predictor. Implications of these fi…
Questions raised in science education : a Colombian-Spanish comparative study
2016
RESUMEN: La formulación de preguntas es un potente recurso para el aprendizaje de las ciencias. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el desarrollo de la competencia metacognitiva por medio de la formulación de preguntas. En este estudio se usaron dos dispositivos experimentales de ciencias con un comportamiento inesperado. Se pidió a los participantes realizar preguntas destinadas a comprender su funcionamiento. La evaluación contrastó el desempeño de estudiantes colombianos con estudiantes españoles equivalentes. Los resultados mostraron que los colombianos formulan significativamente más preguntas en general, y más preguntas de alta calidad, que los estudiantes españoles. Se concl…
Parenting and Adolescents’ Self-esteem: The Portuguese Context // Parentalidad y autoestima en la adolescencia: El contexto portugués
2013
Este estudio analiza las relaciones entre los estilos parentales y el ajuste psicosocial (autoestima) de los adolescentes en la cultura portuguesa. La muestra estuvo formada por 517 adolescentes, 214 varones (41,39%), con edades entre los 11 y los 18 anos. Se uso la Escala de Socializacion Parental (ESPA29) para determinar los estilos parentales (autoritativo, autoritario, indulgente y negligente), y la Escala de Autoestima Multidimensional (AF5) que mide las cinco dimensiones de la autoestima: academica, social, emocional, familiar y fisica. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que los adolescentes de familias indulgentes puntuaron igual o incluso mejor que los de familias autoritativa…
Brain representation of action observation in human infants.
2015
Imitative learning has long been established as extremely important for early development. However, neural mechanisms involved in early imitative behaviours are still areas of active research. Neurophysiological and brain-imaging studies have been recently performed that provide initial evidence of brain activation associated with action observation in the first months of life. In this review we examine all studies exploring the effects of action observation on brain function assessed by means of non-invasive brain-mapping techniques. Seventeen papers were selected as a result of our literature search. The strongest evidence for a neural signature of action observation comes from studies ex…
La educación en tiempos virales: el caso de Portugal
2021
Este artículo presenta una contribución para comprender los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la educación (básica y secundaria). Se centra en el proceso de confinamiento y la consiguiente transición hacia un modelo de enseñanza a distancia vivido en Portugal entre marzo y junio de 2020. Para ello, se empieza por buscar un marco teórico adecuado que permita comprender un fenómeno novedoso, imprevisible y que cuenta con un trasfondo biológico, pero que ha accionado un conjunto complejo de dinámicas políticas, económicas, sociales y culturales. A continuación, se discuten algunos informes internacionales relevantes. En la segunda parte, tras algunas notas metodológicas, se analizan los pr…
The role of achievement beliefs and behaviours in spontaneous reading acquisition
2006
Abstract This study examined the role of motivational or attitudinal factors, such as achievement beliefs and behaviours, in learning to read before receiving formal instruction. A total of 200 Finnish children were examined at ages 5 and 6½. Half of them ( n = 107) had a familial risk for dyslexia. The results showed that those children who were verbally skilful at age 5 showed a higher level of task-focused behaviour at age 6½. This task-focused behaviour then contributed to spontaneous reading acquisition. The impact of previous verbal skills on spontaneous reading acquisition was mediated in part by achievement behaviour.
Assessing dyslexia in Finnish high-school students: a pilot study
2000
A pilot study concerning Finnish dyslexics at senior high school (lukio), for 16–19-year-olds, is reported. The phonological processing deficit was assumed to underlie dyslexia in these late teenage subjects. The regular nature of Finnish orthography was taken into consideration. Four tasks were introduced to a total of 32 students, of whom 15 were dyslexics and 17 were controls. The controls outperformed the dyslexics on three tasks: text recoding, pseudoword recoding and pseudoword spelling. On the text spelling task, both groups performed equally well. In the correlational analysis of all subjects, both recoding tasks showed high correlations with selfestimated school achievement in lang…