Search results for "Development"
showing 10 items of 26949 documents
Academic competence, teacher–student relationship, and violence and victimisation in adolescents: The classroom climate as a mediator
2021
School violence is a serious social and public health problem prevalent worldwide. Although the relevance of teacher and classroom factors is well established in the literature, few studies have focused on the role of teacher perceptions in school violence and victimisation and the potential mediational role of classroom climate in this relationship. A total of 2399 adolescents (50% girls), aged between 11 and 18 years (M = 14.65, SD = 1.78) and enrolled in five Spanish Secondary Compulsory Education schools completed measures of classroom climate, school violence towards peers and perception of peer victimisation, and their teachers informed about their academic competence and the teacher&…
Effects of calcium, dairy product, and vitamin D supplementation on bone mass accrual and body composition in 10-12-y-old girls: a 2-y randomized tri…
2005
Little is known about the relative effectiveness of calcium supplementation from food or pills with or without vitamin D supplementation for bone mass accrual during the rapid growth period.The purpose was to examine the effects of both food-based and pill supplements of calcium and vitamin D on bone mass and body composition in girls aged 10-12 y.This placebo-controlled intervention trial randomly assigned 195 healthy girls at Tanner stage I-II, aged 10-12 y, with dietary calcium intakes900 mg/d to 1 of 4 groups: calcium (1000 mg) + vitamin D3 (200 IU), calcium (1000 mg), cheese (1000 mg calcium), and placebo. Primary outcomes were bone indexes of the hip, spine, and whole body by dual-ene…
Serotonergic modulation of hippocampal acetylcholine release after long-term neuronal grafting
2000
Adult female rats sustained aspirative fimbria-fornix lesions and, 2 weeks later, received intrahippocampal grafts of fetal septal or mixed septal-raphe cell suspensions. Twenty-four months later, the extracellular concentration of hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) was determined by microdialysis. Basal ACh levels (5-65 fmol/5 microl sham-operated rats) were strongly reduced after lesioning (3-7 fmol/5 microl). In septally transplanted and septal-raphe co-transplanted rats, hippocampal ACh concentrations were restored to near-normal levels (15-25 fmol/5 microl), indicating long-term functional survival of hippocampal transplants. After administration of citalopram (100 microM by infusion) and…
Stay Home, Stay Active with SuperJump®: A Home-Based Activity to Prevent Sedentary Lifestyle during COVID-19 Outbreak
2020
The purpose of this study was to investigate the intensity of SuperJump® workout as a home-based activity for fulfilling physical activity recommendations during COVID-19 home-confinement. Seventeen (males: n = 10; females: n = 7) college students (age: 25.8 ± 2.7 years; height: 1.7 ± 0.1 m; weight: 66.2 ± 12.1 kg) participated in the study. To assess the intensity of the activity (30-min), heart rate (HR), expressed as percentages of age-predicted maximal HR (%HRmax), and session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), collected on a CR10 scale, were used. %HRmax data were categorically separated in five classes of intensity according to the American College of Sport…
3D virtual histopathology of cardiac tissue from Covid-19 patients based on phase-contrast X-ray tomography
2021
eLife 10, e71359 (2021). doi:10.7554/eLife.71359
M-cadherin and its sisters in development of striated muscle
1999
Cadherins are calcium-dependent, transmembrane intercellular adhesion proteins with morphoregulatory functions in the development and maintenance of tissues. In the development of striated muscle, the expression and function of mainly M-, N-, and R-cadherin has been studied so far. While these three cadherins are expressed in skeletal muscle cells, of these only N-cadherin is expressed in cardiac muscle. In this review, M-, N-, and R-cadherin are discussed as important players in the terminal differentiation and possibly also in the commitment of skeletal muscle cells. Furthermore, reports are described which evaluate the essential role of N-cadherin in the formation of heart tissue.
A peek inside the neurosecretory brain throughOrthopedialenses
2008
The wealth of expression and functional data presented in this overview discloses the homeogene Orthopedia (Otp) as critical for the development of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system of vertebrates. Specifically, the results depict the up-to-date portrait of the regulation and functions of Otp. The development of neuroendocrine nuclei relies on Otp from fish to mammals, as demonstrated for several peptide and hormone releasing neurons. Additionally, the activity of Otp is essential for the induction of the dopaminergic phenotype in the hypothalamus of vertebrates. Recent insights into the pathways required for Otp regulation have revealed the implication of the main extracellular signal…
COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease
2021
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a neurotropic virus with a high neuroinvasive potential. Indeed, more than one-third of patients develop neurological symptoms, including confusion, headache, and hypogeusia/ageusia. However, long-term neurological consequences have received little interest compared to respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal manifestations. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the potential SARS-CoV-2 neurological injury that could lead to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). A mutualistic relationship between AD and COVID-19 seems to exist. On the one hand, COVID-19 patients seem to …
Guanfacine extended release for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Efficacy following prior methylphenidate trea…
2016
Guanfacine extended release (GXR) and atomoxetine (ATX) are nonstimulant treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As nonstimulant treatments are often used after stimulants in ADHD, GXR was assessed relative to prior stimulant treatment in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), in which ATX was included as a reference arm, and in the open-label phase of a randomized-withdrawal study (RWS). Participants were 6–17 years old with ADHD Rating Scale version IV (ADHD-RS-IV) scores ≥32 and Clinical Global Impressions – Severity scores ≥4. RCT participants received dose-optimized GXR (1–7 mg/day), ATX (10–100 mg/day), or placebo for 10–13 weeks. RWS participants received dose-o…
Dichotic listening: elimination of the right ear advantage under a dual task procedure.
1997
The aim of this article is to investigate the attentional effect on the dichotic listening (DL) performance when doing a simultaneous right hemisphere task. A group of 30 right-handed male participants had a standard DL test followed by a dual task procedure that consisted of a manipulospatial discrimination through the left hand and performed while doing the DL test. Participants showed the typical right ear advantage (REA), which lost its significance when they were confronted with the dual task, presumably due to the manipulospatial performance. The elimination of the REA was mainly due to facilitation of the left ear responses. Results are discussed in terms of Kinsbourne's model and ot…