Search results for "Deviance"
showing 10 items of 63 documents
Deviance, did you get it? An experiment in reading to learn
1991
Abstract This article reports an experiment in which an attempt was made to test reading a scientific text under as natural study conditions as possible. After reading a lengthy text from a Sociology textbook in English, five out of 25 Finnish college students understood a basic concept the way it had been defined by a sociologist; 4 weeks later, after going over the text the second time in Finnish, the number increased to 12. However, even after the second reading of the text in their first language, only half of the students had learnt the basic concept. This indicates that the problems in studying were not only linguistic problems; they seem also to have been study skill problems in gene…
Not ageing in place: Negotiating meanings of residency in age-related housing
2015
Abstract Purpose This article explores the experience of residing in age-related housing. The focus is on the negotiations around the multiple meanings assigned to place of residency among older people — in a situation where the official policy objectives of growing old in one's own home are not achieved. Design and methods Narrative analysis is employed to study the experiences of older people aged 75 or older living in special types of housing due to actual or anticipated difficulties associated with age. The interviews are part of a larger body of data gathered in MOVAGE Moving in Old Age: Transitions in Housing and Care research project. Findings The storyworld was structured by the rom…
Communication Deviance in parents of families with adoptees at a high or low risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and its associations with attri…
2009
Communication Deviance (CD) in rearing parents is a known indicator of a psychopathology risk in the offspring, but the direction of the effects of these two factors on each other has remained an unresolved question. The purpose of the present study was to clarify this issue by assessing the relationship of CD in adoptive parents with certain attributes of the adoptee and adoptive parents themselves. The subjects were 109 adoptees at a high or low risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and their adoptive parents. Communication Deviance was measured in individual, spouse and family Rorschach situations. Thought disorders in the adoptees were assessed using the Thought Disorder Index. The v…
Can bayesian models play a role in dental caries epidemiology? Evidence from an application to the BELCAP data set
2012
Objectives The aim of this study was to show the potential of Bayesian analysis in statistical modelling of dental caries data. Because of the bounded nature of the dmft (DMFT) index, zero-inflated binomial (ZIB) and beta-binomial (ZIBB) models were considered. The effects of incorporating prior information available about the parameters of models were also shown. Methods The data set used in this study was the Belo Horizonte Caries Prevention (BELCAP) study (Bohning et al. (1999)), consisting of five variables collected among 797 Brazilian school children designed to evaluate four programmes for reducing caries. Only the eight primary molar teeth were considered in the data set. A data aug…
Virtue in small business in small places: Organisational factors associated with employee dishonest behaviour in the retail sector
2017
Abstract The organisational factors associated with employee dishonest behaviour are understudied because dishonesty is sensitive topic and organisations are not willing to reveal misbehaviour to the wider public. This paper addresses this research gap by providing an empirical study on reporting of dishonest behaviour of retail employees in Estonia and Latvia. The aim of the paper is to find out how organisational factors affect the reporting of dishonest behaviour in retail sector. Local vs international retailers and rural vs capital city stores characterise organisational factors and these are analysed in different hypothetical scenarios: low wage, perceived injustice and boredom. The s…
Consumers’ neutralization strategies to counter normative pressure : The case of illegal downloading
2014
International audience; The process of neutralization of normative pressure by consumers, which allows the performance of deviant practices while maintaining the attachment to the norm, has not been sufficiently studied. Our analysis, in the case of illegal downloading, shows that consumers produce an autonomous discursive set, articulated around three defensive strategies (disempowerment as neutralizing, pragmatic neutralization, ideological neutralization) and accept internal contradiction.
Prefazione
2014
In un contesto in continua evoluzione per effetto della globalizzazione e della rivoluzione tecnologica, la definizione del concetto di devianza e l’esplorazione dei suoi cambiamenti rendono necessaria una riflessione trasversale a diversi ambiti disciplinari, attraversando il confine tra sociologia della devianza e diritto. In a changing environment as a result of globalization and technological revolution, the definition of the concept of deviance and the exploration of its changes make necessary a cross-reflection in different disciplines, crossing the border between sociology of deviance and law.
Using network community detection to investigate psychological and social features of individuals condemned for mafia crimes
2018
Objective: Only few studies have investigated social and personality characteristics of members of Italian organized criminal groups: Mafia, Camorra, ‘Ndrangheta, and Sacra Corona Unita. This study aimed to explore the most relevant social and clinical features of Mafia criminals and their psychopathic traits. Method: The Psychopathy Check List-Revised (PCL-R) and a socio-demographic questionnaire were administered to 30 condemned for Mafia crimes and imprisoned in the “Pagliarelli” district prison of Palermo (Italy). The results were investigated applying the methods of Network Theory. Results: The study identified two communities, which were statistically different in terms of history of …
Dynamic Risk Assessment of Sexual Offenders: Validity and Dimensional Structure of the Stable-2007.
2018
In this study, the predictive and incremental validity of the Stable-2007 beyond the Static-99 was evaluated in an updated sample of N = 638 adult male sexual offenders followed-up for an average of M = 8.2 years. Data were collected at the Federal Evaluation Center for Violent and Sexual Offenders (FECVSO) in Austria within a prospective-longitudinal research design. Scores and risk categories of the Static-99 (AUC = .721; p < .001) and of the Stable-2007 (AUC = .623, p = .005) were found to be significantly related to sexual recidivism. The Stable-2007 risk categories contributed incrementally to the prediction of sexual recidivism beyond the Static-99. Analyzing the dimensional struct…
Leisure, Social Capital and Life Turns in Deviant Youth
2017
Brief review of the literature on the creation of social capital within leisure time contexts to a notion of social capital in terms of “relational goods” (Arai, Pedlar, 1997; Blackshaw, Long, 2005; Hemingway, 1999) It. Claims that such studies focus both on the availability of leisure time among people belonging to different social groups and on the relation between the amount of leisure time, its allocation and the construction of social capital in the community by means of the activities people do during such time (Rohe, 2004). I discuss some studies regarding the ways in which a particular age range - youth - produces social capital in leisure time contexts and I focus on some studies r…