Search results for "Dietary Fat"
showing 10 items of 178 documents
Dietary fish protein lowers blood pressure and alters tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
2003
Abstract Objectives To investigate the effect of two types of dietary protein on blood pressure, liver fatty acid desaturation and composition, and urine 6-keto-prostaglandin-F (PGF1α) level, the metabolite of prostacyclin. Methods 5-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were fed 20% casein or purified fish protein. The fat source was 5% ISIO oil, which contains 47.9% (ω-6) and 1.7% (ω-3) total polyunsaturated fatty acids. After 2 mo on the diet, systolic blood pressure was reduced with fish protein compared with casein (189.8 ± 10.5 versus 220.7 ± 8.7). Results Excretion of 6-keto-PGF1α in urine was negatively correlated with blood pressure. Liver cholesterol and phospholipid concentratio…
Dietary rescue of altered metabolism gene reveals unexpected [i]Drosophila[/i] mating cues
2015
Running title: Dietary rescue of metabolic mutation and reproduction; To develop and reproduce, animals need long-chain Mono and PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFAs; PUFAs). Although some UFAs can be synthesized by the organism, others must be provided by the diet. The gene desat1, involved in Drosophila melanogaster UFA metabolism, is necessary for both larval development and for adult sex pheromone communication. We first characterized desat1 expression in larval tissues. Then, we found that larvae in which desat1 expression was knocked down throughout development died during the larval stages when raised on standard food. By contrast pure MUFAs or PUFAs, but not saturated FAs, added to th…
Delta 5-desaturation of dihomogammalinolenic acid (20:3(n-6)) into arachidonic acid (20:4(n-6)) by rat liver microsomes and incorporation of fatty ac…
1991
Abstract Liver microsomes of rats fed an essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient diet or a commercial balanced diet were used to study the effect of incubation time on the Δ 5 -desaturation of [ 14 C] dihomogammalinolenic acid (20:3( n −6)) into arachidonic acid (20:4( n −6)) and incorporation of the two acids into microsomal phospholipids. The EFA-deficient diet highly increased the desaturation rate of 20:3( n −6). Incorporation of the formed 20:4( n −6) into microsomal phospholipids was also increased but at saturating concentration of substrate only. At early times of incubation, the precursor 20:3( n −6) was rapidly incorporated into phospholipids. Formation and incorporation of 20:4( n −…
Triacylglycerols in edible oils: Determination, characterization, quantitation, chemometric approach and evaluation of adulterations
2017
Vegetable oils are a dietary source of lipids that constitute an essential component of a healthy diet. The commonly used vegetable oils differ significantly for their triacylglycerol (TAG) profile. TAGs represent the principal components of oils and may contain different fatty acids (FA) esterified with glycerol leading to several positional isomers. To differentiate individual TAGs species in edible oils, advanced analysis systems and innovative methods are therefore required. TAGs can be considered as good fingerprints for quality control and many studies have been performed to develop rapid and low cost analytical methods to determinate the authenticity, origin and eventually evidence f…
No effect of C-reactive protein on early atherosclerosis in LDLR-/- / human C-reactive protein transgenic mice
2008
summaryThe association between increased concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and future cardiovascular events is well established. However, it is currently unclear whether this clinical observation represents an epiphenomenon or whether the pentraxin may actively promote the development of atherosclerosis. Experimental studies with knockout mice with a defect in apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/-) have been used to investigate the role of CRP in atherogenesis, but the results obtained have been contradictory so far. Since knockout mice with a defect in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR-/-) may represent a better model of atherogenesis compared to ApoE-/- animals, we undertook experiments…
Effect of fat nature and aroma compound hydrophobicity on flavor release from complex food emulsions.
2004
Complex food emulsions containing either hydrogenated palm kernel oil (vegetable fat) or anhydrous milk fat (animal fat) were flavored by using different aroma compounds. The fats differed by their fatty acid and triacylglycerol compositions and by their melting behavior, while the aroma compounds (ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, methyl hexanoate, mesifurane, linalool, diacetyl, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, and gamma-octalactone) differed by their hydrophobicity. Application of differential scanning calorimetry to fat samples in bulk and emulsified forms indicated differences in the ratio of solid-to-liquid between temperatures ranging from 10 to 35 degrees C. Solid-phase microextraction coupled wit…
The Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Gut Microbiota Composition in Premenopausal Women
2017
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and gut microbiota composition in premenopausal women. The participants consisted of 71 premenopausal Finnish women (aged 19–49 years). Gut microbiota were analyzed using flow cytometry, 16S rRNA gene hybridization and DNA-staining. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂ₘₐₓ) was assessed by respiratory gas analyzer and body composition by Bioimpdance. We found that participants with low VO₂ₘₐₓ had lower Bacteroides, but higher Eubacterium rectale-Clostridium coccoides than the high VO₂ₘₐₓ group (p < 0.05 for all). VO₂ₘₐₓ was inversely associated with EreC (r = −0.309, p = 0.01) but not with other bact…
A Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Diet Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Antioxidant Status in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
2001
gamma-Linolenic acid [GLA, 18:3(n-6)], eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)] have been reported to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, they are highly unsaturated and therefore more sensitive to oxidation damage. We investigated the effects of a diet rich in these polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on blood pressure, plasma and lipoprotein lipid concentrations, total antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and platelet function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Five-week-old SHR and WKY rats were fed for 10 wk either a diet containing Isio 4 oil or a diet rich in GLA, EPA and DHA (5.65, 6.39 and…
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Protects against High Fat Diet Induced Inflammation and Islet Hyperplasia in Pancreas
2015
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important endocrine metabolic regulator expressed in multiple tissues including liver and adipose tissue. Although highest levels of expression are in pancreas, little is known about the function of FGF21 in this tissue. In order to understand the physiology of FGF21 in the pancreas, we analyzed its expression and regulation in both acinar and islet tissues. We found that acinar tissue express 20-fold higher levels than that observed in islets. We also observed that pancreatic FGF21 is nutritionally regulated; a marked reduction in FGF21 expression was noted with fasting while obesity is associated with 3–4 fold higher expression. Acinar and islet c…
A healthy Nordic diet and physical performance in old age : findings from the longitudinal Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
2016
AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown that a number of nutrients are associated with better physical performance. However, little is still known about the role of the whole diet, particularly a healthy Nordic diet, in relation to physical performance. Therefore, we examined whether a healthy Nordic diet was associated with measures of physical performance 10 years later. We studied 1072 participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Participants’ diet was assessed using a validated 128-item FFQ at the mean age of 61 years, and a priori-defined Nordic diet score (NDS) was calculated. The score included Nordic fruits and berries, vegetables, cereals, PUFA:SFA and trans-fatty acids ra…